Te kaupapa whakaputa hiko o ngā panera rā

Ka whiti te rā ki te hononga PN haurua-irahiko, ka hanga he takirua pū-irahiko hou. I raro i te mahi a te mara hiko o te hononga PN, ka rere te pū mai i te rohe P ki te rohe N, ā, ka rere te irahiko mai i te rohe N ki te rohe P. Ina honoa te ara iahiko, ka hangaia te iahiko. Koinei te mahi a ngā pūtau rā pānga hiko-whakaahua.

Te whakaputa hiko o te rā E rua ngā momo whakaputa hiko o te rā, ko tētahi ko te aratau hurihanga mārama-wera-hiko, ko tētahi ko te aratau hurihanga tika-hiko mārama.

(1) Ko te tikanga whakawhiti wera-mārama-hiko e whakamahi ana i te pūngao wera e whakaputaina ana e te hihi o te rā hei whakaputa hiko. I te nuinga o te wā, ka hurihia te pūngao wera e mimitihia ana hei mamaoa o te reo mahi e te kaikohi rā, kātahi ka peia te tāpine mamaoa hei whakaputa hiko. Ko te tukanga tuatahi ko te tukanga whakawhiti wera-mārama; ko te tukanga whakamutunga ko te tukanga whakawhiti wera-hiko.

(2) Ka whakamahia te pānga hiko-whakaahua hei huri tika i te pūngao hihi-rā ki te pūngao hiko. Ko te taputapu matua o te hurihanga hiko-whakaahua ko te pūtau-rā. He taputapu te pūtau-rā e huri tika ana i te pūngao mārama-rā ki te pūngao hiko nā te pānga o te ngaohiko whakaputa-whakaahua. He photodiode haurua-ira. Ina whiti te rā ki te photodiode, ka huri te photodiode i te pūngao mārama-rā ki te pūngao hiko, ka whakaputa i te iahiko. Ina honoa ngā pūtau maha i roto i te raupapa, i te whakarara rānei, ka taea te hanga i tētahi rarangi tapawhā o ngā pūtau-rā me te mana putanga nui.

I tēnei wā, ko te silicon tioata (tae atu ki te polysilicon me te silicon monocrystalline) ngā rauemi photovoltaic tino nui, neke atu i te 90% tōna wāhi mākete, ā, i roto i ngā rā kei te heke mai mō te wā roa ka noho tonu hei rauemi matua mō ngā pūtau solar.

Mō te wā roa, kua whakahaerehia te hangarau whakaputa rauemi polysilicon e ngā wheketere 10 o ngā kamupene 7 i roto i ngā whenua 3, pērā i te Hononga o Amerika, Hapani me Tiamana, ā, ka hangaia he aukati hangarau me te mana motuhake o te mākete.

Ko te nuinga o te tono mō te polysilicon e ahu mai ana i ngā semiconductors me ngā pūtau solar. E ai ki ngā whakaritenga parakore rerekē, ka wehea ki te taumata hiko me te taumata solar. I roto i ēnei, ko te polysilicon taumata hiko e 55% te nui, ā, ko te polysilicon taumata solar e 45%.

I te tere o te whanaketanga o te umanga photovoltaic, kei te tere ake te tipu o te hiahia mō te polysilicon i roto i ngā pūtau solar i te whanaketanga o te polysilicon semiconductor, ā, e matapaetia ana ka nui ake te hiahia mō te polysilicon solar i te polysilicon hiko-papa i te tau 2008.

I te tau 1994, ko te tapeke o ngā pūtau hiko o te ao i hangaia he 69MW anake, engari i te tau 2004 tata ki te 1200MW, he pikinga 17-ngā wā i roto i ngā tau 10 noa iho. E matapaetia ana e ngā tohunga ka hipa ake te umanga hiko photovoltaic o te rā i te mana karihi hei tētahi o ngā puna pūngao taketake tino nui i te haurua tuatahi o te rautau 21.