Te mōhiotanga taketake mō te rama o waho

He whakaaro noa iho pea te nuinga he mea ngāwari noa iho te rama, kāore e tika ana kia āta tātarihia, kia rangahauhia hoki. Engari, ko te hoahoa me te hanga i ngā rama me ngā tūrama tino pai me whai mātauranga nui ki ngā hikohiko, ngā rauemi, ngā mīhini, me ngā tirohanga. Mā te mārama ki ēnei kaupapa ka āwhina i a koe ki te aromatawai tika i te kounga o ngā rama.

1. Ngā pūangi mura

Kāore e taea te kite atu i tawhiti i te pō me te kore he rama mura. Ehara i te mea ngāwari te hanga i ngā rama mura kia kanapa, kia penapena hiko hoki. Mena he mana motuhake tō te rama, ka taea te whakakī ki te hau kore mahi, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kanapa me te roa ake o te ora o te rama. He mea motuhake te patunga tapu o te ora hei utu mō te kanapa teitei o ngā rama halogen kaha teitei. Mai i te tirohanga o te whakamahinga o waho, i runga i te whakamahinga o ngā āhuatanga maha, te pono me te mahi roa, he pai ake ngā rama hau kore mahi noa, ko te tikanga, he painga tino pai hoki te whakamahi i ngā rama halogen kanapa teitei. He mea noa ngā rama bayonet me te turanga waewae paerewa, te pūwero rama motuhake rānei i roto i ngā atanga rama rama rongonui. Mai i te tirohanga o te whānui me te watea o te hoko, he ngawari te tuku rama e whakamahi ana i ngā rama bayonet paerewa, he maha ngā whakakapinga, he iti te utu me te roa o te ora. He maha ngā rama utu nui e whakamahi ana i ngā rama xenon Halogen me te bayonet, ko te tikanga, he teitei ake te utu o Halogen. Ehara i te mea watea te hoko i Haina, he pai hoki te mahi whakakapinga o ngā rama superba i roto i ngā hūpāmakete nui. Hei whakaiti i te kaha o te pūngao o te rama, me whakaiti noa i te mana, te kanapa me te wā e rerekē ana. Mēnā he ngaohiko motuhake, he roa ake te iahiko whakatauranga o te rama, ka whakamahia e PETZL SAXO AQUA te pūngao krypton 6V 0.3A, hei whakatutuki i te pānga o te pūngao 6V 0.5A noa. Hei tāpiri, ko te wā matapae mō te whakamahi i ngā pākahiko AA e whā ka eke ki te 9 hāora, he tauira angitu tēnei mō te kanapa me te taurite wā. He iti ake te iahiko whakatauranga o te pūngao rama megabor ā-whare, he pai hei whakakapi. Heoi anō, he rerekē te take mēnā kei te rapu noa koe i te rama kanapa. He mea noa te Surefire, me te taupoki 65-lumen e roa ana mō te haora i runga i ngā pākahiko lithium e rua. Nō reira, i te hoko rama, tirohia te uara whakatikatika o te pūngao rama, tatauhia tōna mana tata, me te diameter o te peihana rama, ka taea e koe te whakatau tata i te kanapa tata, te whānuitanga mōrahi me te wā whakamahi, e kore koe e pōhēhē ngāwari ki te pānuitanga kore mahi.

2. Rama LED

Nā te whakamahinga mahi o te tiode rama kanapa teitei i huri ai te umanga rama. Ko te iti o te whakapaunga hiko me te roa o te ora ko ōna painga nui. He nui te whakamahinga o ētahi pākahiko maroke noa hei pupuri i te rama kanapa teitei mō ngā tekau, tae atu ki ngā rau hāora o te rama. Heoi, ko te raru nui o te rama LED i tēnei wā ko te uaua ki te whakaoti i te kohinga rama, nā te pūtake rama rerekē e kore e taea te whakamārama i te whenua 10 mita te tawhiti i te pō, ā, nā te tae rama makariri ka tino heke te urunga ki te ua, te kohu me te hukarere o waho. Nō reira, i te nuinga o te wā ka honoa ngā rama ki ētahi, tae atu ki ngā tekau ngā tikanga rama hei whakapai ake i te nui e taea ana, engari kāore i te kitea te pānga. Ahakoa kua wātea ngā rama rama kaha teitei me te kanapa teitei, kāore anō kia eke te mahi ki te wāhi e taea ai te whakakapi katoa i ngā rama mura, ā, he tino teitei te utu. Ko te ngaohiko taraiwa paerewa o te rama LED noa kei waenga i te 3-3.7V, ā, ko te paerewa kanapa o te rama LED e whakaatuhia ana e te mcd, me ētahi momo pēnei i te 5mm me te 10mm te whānui. Ko te nui ake o te diameter, ko te teitei ake o te uara mcd, ko te teitei ake o te kanapa. Hei whakaaro ki te rahinga me te whakapaunga hiko, ka whiriwhiria e ngā rama noa te taumata 5mm, ā, ko te uara mcd he tata ki te 6000-10000. Heoi, nā te nui o ngā kaihanga LED, he maha ngā ngongo LED o te whare kua tapaina he, ā, kāore e pono te uara ingoa. I te nuinga o te wā, e mōhiotia ana te mahi LED a ngā kamupene Hapanihi i roto i ngā hua kawemai, ā, koinei hoki ngā rama rongonui kua tino whiriwhiria. Nā te mea he nui te LED hei tahu i roto i te au iti rawa, nō reira, me whakaiti nui te tekau, te rau rānei o ngā haora o ngā rama LED noa i te whakamahinga tūturu, tera pea i mua i te nui o te kanapa hei whakamārama i te puni katoa, i muri i ngā tekau hāora ki te kite i te tēpu he uaua, nō reira, ko te tāutanga o te whirihoranga arotautanga ara iahiko o te hiko te whirihoranga paerewa o ngā rama LED o waho teitei. I tēnei wā, he pai ake tonu te whakamahi i te LED noa hei puni, hei tēneti rānei hei pūtake mārama tata, koinei anō hoki tōna painga.

3. Peihana rama

He mea nui hei whakatau i te kounga o te māramatanga ko te whakaata o te pūtake mārama — te peihana rama. Ka whakakikoruatia te peihana rama noa ki te hiriwa i runga i te peihana kirihou, whakarewa rānei. Mō ngā pūtake rama mura kaha, he pai ake te tohatoha wera i te peihana rama whakarewa, ā, ko te whānui o te peihana rama te mea e whakatau ana i te whānuitanga arorau. I tētahi tikanga, ko te kanapa o te peihana rama ehara i te mea pai ake, ko te hua pai o te peihana rama he porowhita o ngā kita he āhua kiri karaka, e whakahaere pai ana i te horapa o te mārama i puta mai i ngā ira pōuri, kia kaha ake ai te kukū me te ōrite o te ira mārama i roto i te wāhi mārama. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te whai peihana kita he tohu i te aronga ngaio ki te māramatanga.

4. Arotahi

Ka tiakina te rama e te karāhe arotahi, ka whakakotahi rānei i te mārama. He mea hanga i te karāhe, i te kapia rānei. He pai te ātete wera o te karāhe, kāore e ngāwari ki te waru, he pumau, engari he āwangawanga te kaha mō te whakamahinga o waho, ā, he nui rawa te utu mō te tukatuka ki te mata pūkohu, he pai te pepa karāhe mō te tukatuka, he kaha pono, he mama, engari kia aro ki te tiakitanga hei ārai i te huri nui. I te nuinga o te wā, he pai te tukatuka i te karāhe arotahi rama o waho ki te pepa karāhe āhua karāhe pūkohu, ka taea te whakahaere tino whai hua i te whakakotahitanga o te mārama.

5. Ngā Pūhiko

I ngā wā maha, ka amuamu pea koe he aha te korenga o te hiko i te rama, ā, ka whakapaehia te rama tonu. Inaa, he mea nui hoki te whiriwhiri i te pākahiko, i te nuinga o te wā, he pai te kaha me te au tuku o te pākahiko kawakore noa, he iti te utu, he ngāwari ki te hoko, he kaha te whakamahi, engari kāore i te pai te pānga tuku nui o te au, he teitei ake te ōwehenga kiato kaha o te pākahiko whakahou nickel metal hydride, he ohanga ake te huringa. Engari he teitei te tere tuku-ake, he tino pai te au tuku o te pākahiko lithium, he tino pai mō te whakamahi i ngā rama mana-teitei, engari kāore i te pai te ohanga whakamahi, he tino utu nui tonu te utu o te hiko lithium i tēnei wā, ko ngā rama e ōrite ana ko ngā rama rautaki mana-teitei te nuinga, nō reira, ko te nuinga o ngā rama mākete e whakamahi ana i te pākahiko kawakore waitohu he pai ake te mahi whānui, mai i te kaupapa, ka tino heke te mahi pākahiko kawakore i te pāmahana iti, nō reira, mō ngā rama e whakamahia ana i ngā wāhi makariri, ko te huarahi pai ko te hono i te pouaka pākahiko o waho, me te pāmahana tinana hei whakarite i te pāmahana mahi o te pākahiko. He mea tika kia mōhiotia, mō ētahi rama kawemai, pērā i ētahi tauira PETZL me princeton, nā te mea he paku teitei ake te hiko kino o ngā pākahiko maroke o tāwāhi, kua hangaia te hononga kino o ngā rama kia papatahi. Mēnā ka whakamahia ētahi pākahiko o te kāinga me te hiko kino piko, tera pea ka ngoikore te hononga. He māmā noa te otinga, tāpirihia he wahi iti o te gasket.

6. Ngā Rauemi

He mea hanga ngā rama whakarewa, kirihou, me ngā rama taketake mai i ēnei. He pakari, he roa hoki te tinana o te rama whakarewa, he māmā noa, he koranu konumohe kaha. Ki te hiahiatia, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te rama whakarewa hei taputapu tiaki-ā-koe, engari kāore te whakarewa whānui e ātete ki te waikura, he taumaha rawa, nō reira kāore e pai mō ngā rama ruku, he pai te kawe wera, he pai hoki mō te whakamarara wera i te wā kotahi, engari ka arahi hoki ki te whakamahinga i ngā wāhi makariri, he uaua ki te whakamahi i te rama matua, he nui ngā utu tukatuka. He maha rawa ngā momo kirihou hangarau, pērā i te polycarbonate, te ABS/polyester, te muka karāhe polycarbonate kua whakapakarihia, te polyimide me ētahi atu, he tino rerekē hoki te mahi, hei tauira, me whakamahi i te muka karāhe polycarbonate kua whakapakarihia, he nui tōna kaha hei tu atu i ngā momo taiao uaua o waho, he ātete ki te waikura, he ārai wera, he mama, he pai mō te rama matua me te rama ruku. Engari he poto noa te ora o te kirihou ABS noa e whakamahia ana i ngā rama iti te utu, ā, kāore e roa. Kia mahara ki te aro atu ki tēnei i te wā e hoko ana. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te wehewehe mā te ahua o te pēhi pakari.

7. Whakawhiti

Ko te whakatakotoranga o te pana rama e whakatau ana i te watea o tana whakamahinga. He māmā noa iho, he watea hoki te pana kī retireti e rite ana ki te rama rino, engari he uaua ki te kore e tino ātete wai, he mea mārama kāore e tika ana. He māmā ake te ātete wai me te watea o te pana pātene rapa i runga i te rama konupora D, engari he mārama kāore e tika ana mō ngā wā pēnei i te ruku, ā, ka taea e te pēhanga wai teitei te turuturu o te pana. He tino rongonui te pana momo pēhi hiku i roto i ngā rama iti, he tino watea ki te mārama me te kanapa roa, engari he uaua te hanganga me te whakaaro ki te piri me te pono, he mea noa hoki te whakapā ngoikore i roto i ētahi rama wheketere rongonui. Ko te pana taupoki rama hurihuri te pana tino māmā me te pono, engari ka taea anake te mahi i te pana kotahi, kāore e taea te whakarōpū, he uaua ki te hoahoa i te mahi arotahi, kāore i te pai te ātete wai hihiri (he ngāwari te turuturu o te pana whakahaere wai). Ko te pana poro te whakamahinga tino pai o ngā rama ruku, ko te hanganga he pai te ātete wai, he ngāwari ki te whakahaere, he ngāwari ki te neke, he tino pono, ka taea te raka, kāore e taea te tahu.

8. Ārai wai

He tino māmā te whakatau mēnā he ātete wai te rama, kāore rānei. Tirohia marietia mēnā he mowhiti rapa ngohengohe, he ngāwari hoki kei roto i ia wāhanga neke o te rama (te taupoki rama, te pana, te taupoki pākahiko, me ētahi atu). Mā ngā mowhiti rapa pai rawa atu, me te hoahoa whaitake me te hangarau tukatuka pai rawa atu, ka taea te kī taurangi i te hohonutanga ātete wai neke atu i te 1000 putu. I raro i te ua nui, kāore e taea te kī kāore he turuturu, ko te take he iti te ngāwari o te rapa hei whakarite kia tino uru ngā mata e rua. Mai i te tirohanga hoahoa, ko te pana rama hurihuri me te pana porowhita te mea tino ngāwari ki te ātete wai, he uaua te pēhi i te pana ki te kī reti me te hiku. Ahakoa te momo hoahoa pana, he pai ake kia kaua e huri pinepine ina whakamahia i raro i te wai, ko te tukanga pana te mea tino ngāwari ki te tomo ki te wai, i roto i te ruku, ko te huarahi haumaru ake ko te pani i te hinu iti ki te mowhiti rapa, ka taea te hiri pai ake, i te wa ano, he pai hoki te hinu ki te tiaki i te mowhiti rapa, ka karohia te kakahu wawe na te koroheketanga, whai muri i te maha o nga tau o te whakamahinga i roto i te rama, ko te mowhiti rapa te wāhanga tino ngoikore o te rama ki te koroheketanga. Me whakakapi i te wā tika kia tino pono ai te whakamahinga o waho.

9. Ara iahiko whakatikatika ngaohiko

Ko te ara iahiko whakatikatika ngaohiko te whakaaturanga pai rawa atu o ngā rama matatau, e rua ngā mahi a te ara iahiko whakatikatika ngaohiko: Ko te ngaohiko taraiwa o te LED noa he 3-3.6V, ko te tikanga me hono raupapa kia toru ngā pākahiko noa kia tutuki ai te hua tino pai. Kāore e kore, he tino herea te ngāwari hoahoa o te rama. Ko te mea whakamutunga e whakaata ana i te whakamahinga tino tika o te pūngao hiko, kia kore ai e whakaitihia e te ngaohiko te kanapa me te whakaiti i te pākahiko. Me pupuri tonu i te taumata kanapa tika, me te whakahaere hoki i te kanapa o te whakatikatika nekehanga. He ngoikoretanga ngā painga, ko te ara iahiko whakatikatika ngaohiko ka moumou i te 30% o te pūngao hiko, nō reira, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rama LED iti te whakapaunga pūngao. Ko te ara iahiko whakatikatika ngaohiko tohu e whakamahia ana e te MYO 5 a PETZL. Ka whakaritea te kanapa LED i roto i ngā taumata e toru hei pupuri i te mārama maeneene o ngā LED taumata e toru mō te 10 hāora, 30 hāora me te 90 hāora.

10. Mahi

Kia kore ai e taea te tahu noa i ngā rama, engari he maha atu anō hoki ngā mahi, he whakamahinga watea ake rānei, i puta mai ai ngā momo hoahoa.

He tino pai te potae upoko, i te nuinga o te wā ka taea e te ringaringa iti te mahi hikorama matua e taea te whakahou ake, he maha ngā rama ruku e whakamahia ana i tēnei ara pumau.

Ka taea te kuhu i te topenga o te ARC AAA ki roto i te pute o te hāte, pērā i te pene, engari ko te kōwhiringa tino whaihua ko te kuhu ki te remu o tō pōtae hei rama matua.

Te hoahoa o terama ārahi āraihe tino pai. He tino pai ngā tātari e whā i roto i te wāhanga hiku mō te whakamahi tohu i te pō.

He pūrama tārua kei roto i te PETZL DUO LED, pērā i tētahi atu rama rama o waho whai tohu.

Ka taea e te ARC LSHP te whakamahi i ngā momo momo mana e ai ki ngā hiahia. Ko te pito o muri he CR123A kotahi, he CR123A takirua me te AA takirua.

Mana tārua. Mena he rama anake kei a koe e tata ana, he maha ngā wā ka mate te whakawhiti pākahiko i te pōuri kerekere. Kei a Black Diamond Supernova he pūtake hiko 6V hei whakarato i te 10 hāora o te kaha.rama LED o wahoi te wā e whakawhiti ana i te pākahiko, i te wā rānei e pau ai te pākahiko.

Ahakoa he iti rawa taku aromatawai whaiaro, e maioha tonu ana ki te mahi a te aukume ka taea te piri ki te mata whakarewa.

Te pū gyro-pū a Gannet II, he ngāwari ki te whakamahi hei rama, hei rama matua, hei wāhi rerekē rānei