He aha ngā Tiwhikete e hiahiatia ana mō ngā Rama Mahi Ārai-Pahūtanga?

Rama mahi ātete-pahūHe mea nui te mahi a ngā tiwhikete ki te pupuri i te haumaru i roto i ngā taiao morearea. Mā ēnei tiwhikete ka tutuki ngā paerewa haumaru pakari i ngā taputapu rama, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā aituā i puta mai i ngā mura ahi, i te wera rānei. Ko ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hinu me te hau, te maina, me te hanga matū e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā rama kua tiwhiketetia hei tiaki i ngā kaimahi me ngā taputapu. Mā te piri ki ēnei tiwhikete, ka whakaatu ngā pakihi i tā rātou whakapau kaha ki te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā ture, ka poipoi i te whakawhirinaki me te pono i roto i ā rātou mahi.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Me whiwhi ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū i ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te UL, ATEX, me te IECEx.
• Mā ēnei tiwhikete ka whakarite kei te haumaru ngā rama i ngā wāhi morearea.
• Mā te whakamahi i ngā rama whaimana ka whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga, ā, ka pai ake te haere o te mahi.
• He mea tino nui tēnei i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hinu me te hau.
• Me tirotiro e ngā kaihoko ngā tiwhikete i roto i ngā rārangi mana kia tino mōhio ai.
• Mā tēnei ka āwhina i a koe ki te karo i te hoko rama kāore e tutuki i ngā ture haumaru.
• E whakaatu ana ngā tapanga i runga i ngā rama ātete-pahū i ngā kōrero haumaru nui.
• Ka whakamāramahia hoki e rātou ngā wāhi ka taea te whakamahi haumaru i ngā rama.
• He iti ake te utu mō te whakatika, ā, he iti ake hoki te kaha o ngā rama LED ātete-pahū kua whakamanahia.
• I te roanga o te wā, ka āwhina rātou ki te penapena moni, ā, ka iti ake te tiaki e hiahiatia ana.

Ngā Tiwhikete Matua mōNgā Rama Mahi Ārai-Pahūtanga

UL (Ngā Taiwhanga Kaituhi Utu)

He tirohanga whānui mō te tiwhikete UL mō ngā taputapu ātete-pahūtanga

Mā te tiwhikete UL ka whakarite kia tutuki i ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū ngā paerewa haumaru pakari. Ka aromatawaihia te kaha o ngā taputapu ki te mahi haumaru i roto i ngā taiao morearea kei reira pea ngā hau mura, ngā kohu, te puehu rānei. Ko te UL 844, he paerewa e mōhiotia whānuitia ana, e aro ana ki ngā rama e whakamahia ana i ngā wāhi morearea. Ka tirotirohia e tēnei tiwhikete ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te ātete wera, te aukati i te mura, me te hanganga pai hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea mura.

Ka whakarōpūhia ngā taputapu e ngā tiwhikete UL i runga i ngā taumata tiaki. Hei tauira, ka whakaratohia e te EPL Ma he tiakitanga teitei mō ngā taiao keri, kia kore ai e mura i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, i ngā āhuatanga hē rānei. Waihoki, ka whakaratohia e te EPL Ga me te EPL Da he haumaru pakari mō ngā hau pahū me ngā hau puehu. Mā ēnei whakarōpūtanga ka āwhina i ngā ahumahi ki te whiriwhiri i ngā otinga rama tika mō ā rātou hiahia motuhake.

He aha te hiranga o te tiwhikete UL mō ngā mākete o Amerika Te Raki

I Amerika Te Raki, ko te tiwhikete UL te paearu mō te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. E hangai ana ki te National Electrical Code (NEC), e tautuhi ana i ngā whakarōpūtanga wāhi morearea. Ko ngā pakihi i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hinu me te hau, te hanga matū rānei, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hua kua tiwhiketehia e te UL hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga ture me te tiaki i ā rātou kaimahi. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū kua tiwhiketehia e te UL, ka whakaatu ngā kamupene i tā rātou whakapau kaha ki te haumaru me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea nama.

ATEX (Nga Pahū Atmosphères)

Ngā mea e hipokina ana e te tiwhikete ATEX

E pā ana te tiwhikete ATEX ki ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taiao ka taea te pahū i roto i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia tutuki i ngā hua ngā whakaritenga hauora me te haumaru matua kua whakarārangihia i roto i ngā aratohu ATEX. Ka aromatawaihia e tēnei tiwhikete te kaha o ngā taputapu ki te ārai i te mura i roto i ngā taiao kei roto ngā hau mura, ngā kohu, te puehu rānei.

Ka whakamatautauria ngā hua kua whakamanahia e ATEX kia tino tutuki ai ā rātou paerewa Pākehā. Ka hipokina e te tiwhikete ngā momo taputapu, tae atu ki ngā otinga rama, ā, ka whakarite kia haumaru te whakamahi i roto i ngā rohe motuhake kua whakarōpūtia e te tūponotanga o te pahūtanga o ngā hau.

Te Hiranga o ATEX mō ngā whakaritenga a te Kotahitanga o Ūropi

He mea nui te tiwhikete ATEX mō te ātete-pahūtangangā rama mahie hokona ana i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. Ka whakaratohia he anga paerewa mō te haumaru, e āhei ai ngā pakihi ki te mahi māia i roto i ngā taiao morearea. Ko ngā ahumahi pēnei i te keri maina, te tukatuka matū, me te hangahanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hua kua whakamanahia e ATEX hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga ture me te whakarite i te haumaru o ngā kaimahi. Ka āwhina hoki tēnei tiwhikete i te hokohoko i roto i te EU mā te whakatū i tētahi paerewa haumaru noa.

IECEx (Pūnaha Whakamana Paerewa a te International Electrotechnical Commission mō ngā Taputapu hei Whakamahi i roto i ngā Āhua Pahū)

Te hiranga o te tiwhikete IECEx ki te ao whānui

Ko te tiwhikete IECEx he paerewa e mōhiotia ana i te ao mō ngā taputapu ātete-pahū. Mā te whakarato i tētahi pūnaha tiwhikete kotahi e whakaaetia ana i roto i ngā whenua maha, ka māmā ake te hokohoko o te ao. Ka arotakehia e tēnei tiwhikete ngā hua i runga i tō rātou kaha ki te mahi haumaru i roto i ngā hau pahū, kia mōhio ai rātou kei te tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru o te ao.

He mea tino nui te tiwhikete IECEx mō ngā pakihi e mahi ana i ngā rohe. Ka whakakorea te hiahia mō ngā tiwhikete maha, ka whakaiti i ngā utu, ka whakahaere i ngā tukanga hanganga ture. Mā te piri ki ngā paerewa IECEx, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakawhānui ake i tā rātou whānuitanga mākete me te hanga whakawhirinaki ki ngā kiritaki o te ao.

Me pēhea te whakarite a IECEx i te haumaru i ngā mākete o te ao

Mā te tiwhikete IECEx ka whakarite i te haumaru mā te whakahaere whakamātautau me te aromatawai hōhonu i ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū. Ka aromatawaihia ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te ātete wera, te ārai mura, me te pakari o te hanganga. Kei roto hoki i te tiwhikete te tirotiro tonu hei pupuri i te tutuki i ngā ture i roto i te wā. Mā tēnei tukanga pakari ka āwhina i ngā ahumahi o te ao ki te whakamahi i ngā otinga rama pono me te haumaru mō ngā taiao morearea.

CSA (Te Rōpū Paerewa o Kanata)

He tirohanga whānui mō te tiwhikete CSA mō ngā wāhi morearea

Mā te tiwhikete a te Canadian Standards Association (CSA) ka whakarite kia tutuki i ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū ngā whakaritenga haumaru mō ngā wāhi morearea i Kanata. Ka aromatawaihia e tēnei tiwhikete te kaha o te taputapu ki te mahi haumaru i roto i ngā taiao kei reira ngā hau mura, ngā kohu, te puehu rānei. Ka whakamatautauria ngā hua kua tiwhiketehia e te CSA kia tutuki ai ā rātou paerewa ki te Canadian Electrical Code (CEC). Ka aromatawaihia e ēnei whakamātautau ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te ātete wera, te hanganga pai, me te kaha ki te ārai i te mura.

Ka whakarōpūhia e te tiwhikete CSA ngā taputapu i runga i te momo taiao morearea e hangaia ana. Hei tauira, ko ngā whakarōpūtanga Rohe 0, Rohe 1, me te Rohe 2 e tohu ana i te auau me te tūponotanga o ngā hau pahū. Mā tēnei pūnaha whakarōpūtanga ka āwhina i ngā ahumahi ki te whiriwhiri i ngā otinga rama e tika ana mō ā rātou hiahia whakahaere.

Te hiranga o te tiwhikete CSA mō ngā mākete o Kanata

I Kanata, he whakaritenga nui te tiwhikete CSA mō ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū e whakamahia ana i ngā wāhi morearea. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture haumaru ā-motu, kia tiakina ai ngā kaimahi me ngā taputapu mai i ngā tūponotanga morearea. Ko ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hinu me te hau, te maina, me te hanga matū e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hua kua tiwhiketehia e te CSA hei pupuri i te haumaru mahi me te whakatutuki i ngā herenga ture.

Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā rama kua whai tiwhikete CSA, ka whakaatu ngā pakihi i tā rātou whakapau kaha ki te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā ture. Ka whakarei ake hoki tēnei tiwhikete i te pono o ngā taputapu, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā aituā me te wā kore mahi. Mō ngā kaihanga, ka whakaratohia e te tiwhikete CSA te urunga atu ki te mākete o Kanata, me te whakarite kia tutuki i ā rātou hua ngā tumanakohanga o ngā ahumahi o te rohe.

NEC (Waehere Hiko ā-Motu)

Te tūranga o te NEC i roto i te tautuhi i ngā whakarōpūtanga wāhi morearea

He mea nui te Ture Hiko ā-Motu (NEC) ki te tautuhi i ngā whakarōpūtanga wāhi morearea i te Hononga o Amerika. Ka whakatūria he aratohu mō te tautuhi i ngā wāhi kei reira pea ngā hau pahū, pērā i te Akomanga I (ngā hau mura, ngā kohu rānei), te Akomanga II (te puehu mura), me te Akomanga III (ngā muka mura). Mā ēnei whakarōpūtanga ka āwhina i ngā ahumahi ki te whakatau i ngā tikanga haumaru me ngā taputapu e tika ana mō ia taiao.

E whakamārama ana hoki ngā paerewa NEC i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa me te tāutanga mō ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā rama te mahi haumaru me te kore e mura ngā hau e karapoti ana. Mā te piri ki ngā aratohu NEC, ka taea e ngā pakihi te waihanga i ngā taiao mahi haumaru ake, me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā aituā.

Te pānga o ngā paerewa NEC ki ngā rama ātete-pahūtanga

E hiahiatia ana e ngā paerewa NEC kia tutuki ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū ki te UL 844, he paerewa mō ngā rama e whakamahia ana i ngā wāhi morearea. Mā ēnei paerewa ka taea e ngā rama te pupuri i ngā pahūtanga o roto, me te ārai i te mura o ngā hau o waho. Ka aromatawaihia hoki e rātou te pakari me te mahi a ngā taputapu i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino.

Ko ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hinu me te hau, te tukatuka matū, me te hangahanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā rama e tutuki ana i ngā ture haumaru a te NEC. Mā te whai i ēnei paerewa, ka taea e ngā pakihi te tiaki i ā rātou kaimahi me ā rātou taputapu me te whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture haumaru o Amerika. Ka whakaratohia hoki e ngā paerewa NEC he anga mō te whiriwhiri i ngā otinga rama pono me te whaimana mō ngā taiao morearea.

Ngā Whakaritenga me ngā Tukanga Tiwhikete

Te Whakamātautau me te Aromatawai

Te whakamātautau i ngā rama mahi ātete-pahūtanga mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga

Ka whakamātauhia ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū kia tino tutuki ai ngā paerewa haumaru mō ngā taiao morearea. Ka whakatūhia e ngā whakahaere pēnei i a Underwriters Laboratories (UL) me te National Electrical Code (NEC) ngā tikanga hei manatoko i te tutuki. Ko te UL 844, he paerewa matua, e whakamārama ana i ngā whakamātautau motuhake pēnei i te aromatawai wera, hanganga, me te haumaru. Ka whakaūhia e ēnei whakamātautau ka taea e ngā rama te tu atu ki ngā pahūtanga pea me te kore e puta he tūponotanga o waho.

Ka tīmata te whakamātautau mā te aromatawai wera, e ine ana i ngā pāmahana o te mata me ngā āheinga whakahaere wera. Ka aromatawaihia e ngā whakamātautau hanganga te pakari o ngā rama i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino, tae atu ki te pēhanga wai me te ātete wiri. Mā ngā manatoko haumaru ka ātete ngā rama ki te urunga puehu, ā, ka hototahi hoki ki ngā matū kino. Mā ēnei aromatawai whānui ka taea e ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū te mahi haumaru i roto i ngā taiao kei reira ngā hau mura, ngā kohu, te puehu rānei.

Ngā tawhā haumaru noa i arotakengia i te wā tiwhikete

Mā ēnei tawhā ka tutuki i ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū ngā whakaritenga haumaru pakari, ka whakaiti i ngā mōrearea i roto i ngā taiao morearea.

Te Tuhituhi me te Tapanga

Te hiranga o te tapanga tika mō ngā hua kua whakamanahia

He mea nui te tapanga tika mō ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū kua whakamanahia. Mā ngā tapanga ka whakaratohia he mōhiohio nui, pērā i te momo tiwhikete, ngā whakarōpūtanga wāhi morearea, me ngā paerewa tutuki. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te tautuhi wawe mēnā he pai te hua mō tō rātou taiao. Ka āwhina hoki te tapanga mārama i ngā pakihi ki te karo i ngā takahi ture, ā, ka whakarite hoki i te haumaru o ngā kaimahi.

Ngā mea hei tirotiro māu i roto i ngā tuhinga tiwhikete

Me arotake marie ngā kaihoko i ngā tuhinga tiwhikete hei manatoko i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Ko ngā taipitopito matua ko te tinana tiwhikete, ngā paerewa e tika ana (hei tauira, ngā tohutohu UL 844, ATEX rānei), me te whakarōpūtanga o te hua mō ngā rohe morearea. Me whakauru hoki ki ngā tuhinga ngā hua whakamātautau me ngā aratohu tiaki. Mā te arotake marie i ēnei tuhinga ka whakarite kia tutuki i te hua ngā whakaritenga haumaru me te whakahaere.

Te Whakatutuki Tonu i ngā Ture

Ngā whakaritenga whakamana anō me te tiaki

Me whakamana anō ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū kia mau tonu ai te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Ka tirotirohia e ngā whakahaere tiwhikete i ia wā kia mōhio ai kei te tutuki tonu ngā hua i ngā paerewa haumaru. He mea nui anō hoki te tiaki, pērā i te horoi me te whakakapi i ngā wāhanga kua tawhito, kia mau tonu ai te pono mō te wā roa.

Te whakarite kia tutukihia ngā paerewa haumaru mō te wā roa

Me mahi tahi ngā kaihanga me ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te whakarite kia tutuki tonu ngā whakaritenga. Kei roto i tēnei ko te piri ki ngā wātaka tiaki, te whakahou i ngā tiwhikete ina huri ngā paerewa, me te whakahaere i ngā arotake haumaru auau. Mā te whakatairanga i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ka taea e ngā pakihi te tiaki i ngā kaimahi me ngā taputapu me te pupuri tonu i te whai huatanga o te mahi.

Ngā Paerewa ā-Rohe me ngā Paerewa ā-Ahumahi

Amerika ki te Raki

Ngā paerewa matua pēnei i te UL 844 me ngā whakarōpūtanga NEC

I Amerika Te Raki, me tutuki ngā tiwhikete rama mahi ātete-pahū ki ngā paerewa haumaru pakari. He mahi nui tā te National Electric Code (NEC) ki te tautuhi i ngā whakarōpūtanga wāhi morearea, pērā i te Akomanga I (ngā hau mura), te Akomanga II (puehu mura), me te Akomanga III (ngā muka mura). Mā ēnei whakarōpūtanga ka ārahi ngā ahumahi ki te whiriwhiri i ngā otinga rama e tika ana mō ngā taiao morearea.

Ko te UL 844, he paerewa matua i whakahaua e te NEC, e whakarite ana ka taea e ngā rama e whakamahia ana i ngā wāhi morearea te pupuri i ngā pahūtanga o roto, me te ārai i te mura o waho. Ka aromatawaihia e tēnei paerewa ngā āhuatanga nui pēnei i te ātete wera, te pakari o te hanganga, me te ārai i te mura.

• Ko ngā whakaritenga matua ā-rohe ko:
  • Te tutuki i ngā whakarōpūtanga NEC mō ngā wāhi morearea.
  • Te piripono ki ngā paerewa UL 844 mō ngā rama ātete-pahū.

Mā ēnei tiwhikete ka whakarite te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā ture mō ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hinu me te hau, te keri, me te hanga matū.

Ngā whakaritenga motuhake a te ahumahi mō ngā wāhi morearea

He rerekē ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā ahumahi rerekē o Amerika Te Raki i roto i ngā taiao morearea. Hei tauira, me whai otinga rama ngā whare hinu me te hau e ātete ana ki te pānga o ngā hau mura me ngā kohu. Me whai taputapu pakari ngā mahi keri e kaha ana ki te mahi i roto i ngā hau puehu me ngā hau pahū. Mā ngā tiwhikete rama mahi ātete-pahū ka tutuki i ngā hua rama ēnei hiahia motuhake, ka tiakina ngā kaimahi me ngā taputapu.

Ūropi

Ngā tohutohu ATEX me tā rātou whakamahinga

E whakatū ana ngā ture ATEX i ngā whakaritenga haumaru iti rawa mō ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hau pahū i roto i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. E whakarōpūhia ana e ēnei ture ngā rohe morearea i runga i te tūponotanga o ngā hau pahū, pērā i te Rohe 1 (te noho pinepine o ngā hau pahū) me te Rohe 2 (te noho i ētahi wā).

Ka whakamatautauria ngā hua kua whakamanahia e ATEX kia tino tutuki ai ēnei tohutohu. Ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake tēnei tiwhikete i te haumaru anake, engari ka āwhina hoki i te hokohoko i roto i te EU mā te whakarato i tētahi anga paerewa.

Ngā ahumahi e hiahiatia ana te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ATEX

Me tutuki ngā ahumahi pēnei i te tukatuka matū, te keri, me te hanga ki ngā tohutohu a ATEX kia taea ai te whakahaere ture i roto i te EU. Hei tauira, mā te tiwhikete ATEX Zone 1 ka whakarite kia haumaru te mahi i roto i ngā taiao e pāngia pinepine ana e ngā hau pahū. Mā te tutuki i ngā paerewa ATEX ka tiakina ngā kaimahi, ka whakaiti i ngā mōrearea, ā, ka hanga whakawhirinaki ki ngā kiritaki mā te whakaatu i te piri ki ngā paerewa haumaru teitei.

Ngā Mākete o te Ao

Te tūranga o IECEx i roto i te hokohoko ā-ao

Mā te pūnaha tiwhikete IECEx ka māmā ake te hokohoko ā-ao mā te whakarato i tētahi paerewa e mōhiotia ana i te ao mō ngā taputapu ātete-pahū. E whakaaetia ana i roto i te neke atu i te 50 ngā whenua mema, ka whakakorea e tēnei tiwhikete te hiahia mō ngā tiwhikete ā-rohe maha, ka whakaiti i ngā utu me te whakateretere i te urunga ki te mākete.

Mā te tiwhikete IECEx ka tutuki i ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū ngā paerewa haumaru o te ao, kia māmā ake ai te whakawhānui ake i te whānuitanga o ngā rama mahi ki te ao whānui.

Te whakahaere ngāwari a ngā paerewa ā-ao i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakawhiti-rohe

Mā ngā paerewa o te ao pēnei i te IECEx ka whakangāwari ake i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mā te whakarato i tētahi anga kotahi mō te haumaru. Ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakaputa taputapu e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga o te ao, ka whakaiti i te uaua o te piri ki ngā paerewa ā-rohe maha. Ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i te haumaru anake tēnei huarahi engari ka poipoi hoki i te whakawhirinaki i waenga i ngā kiritaki o te ao, ka taea ai te hokohoko me te mahi tahi puta noa i ngā rohe.

Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū kua whakamanahia

Te Tāutu i ngā Hua Whaimana

Te tirotiro i ngā tohu me ngā tapanga tiwhikete

Me whakaatu ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū kua whakamanahia he tohu me ngā tapanga tiwhikete mārama. E tohu ana ēnei tapanga i te tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru pēnei i te UL, ATEX, IECEx rānei. Me tirotiro e ngā kaihoko te hua mō ēnei tohu, tae atu ki te nuinga o te wā ko te rōpū tiwhikete, ngā whakarōpūtanga wāhi morearea, me ngā paerewa e tika ana. Hei tauira, tera pea he tapanga kei roto i te rama kua whakamanahia e te UL e whakaatu ana i te tutuki ki te UL 844 mō ngā wāhi morearea. Mā te tapanga tika ka tutuki i te hua ngā paearu haumaru e hiahiatia ana mō tōna whakamahinga.

Te manatoko i te tiwhikete me ngā pātengi raraunga mana

Me manatoko ngā kaihoko i ngā tiwhikete mā roto i ngā pātengi raraunga mana e whakaratohia ana e ngā whakahaere tiwhikete. Kei ngā whakahaere pēnei i a UL me IECEx ngā whaiaronga ipurangi hei whakaū i te mana tiwhikete o tētahi hua. Mā tēnei mahi ka whakarite i te pono o te tiwhikete, ā, ka ārai i te hoko o ngā hua rūpahu, hua kore rānei e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Mā te manatoko i ngā tiwhikete ka āwhina hoki i ngā pakihi ki te karo i ngā takahi ture, ā, ka whakarite hoki i te haumaru o ā rātou mahi.

Te Aromatawai i te Whai Hua o te Hua

Te whakataurite i ngā tiwhikete ki ngā taiao morearea motuhake

Ko te whiriwhiri i te rama mahi ātete-pahū tika me whakataurite i ōna tiwhikete ki te taiao morearea. He mea nui te tohu tika o te wāhi. Mō ngā wāhi he hau pahū, he kohu, he puehu rānei, he mea nui ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te CID1, CID2, CII, CIII rānei. Mā ēnei whakarōpūtanga ka taea e te rama te mahi haumaru i roto i ngā āhuatanga pōrearea. Ko te whiriwhiri i te tiwhikete tika ka pā ki te tutuki i ngā kaupapa me te whai huatanga o te tahua.

Whakaarohia te roa, te mahi, me te utu

Ko te pakari me te mahi ngā mea matua ina arotakehia ana ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū. Me arotake e ngā kaihoko ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanganga, me te whakarite kia taea e rātou te tu atu i ngā āhuatanga kino pēnei i te pāmahana tino kino, te pānga matū rānei. Ko te whai huatanga o te pūngao tētahi atu whakaaro nui, nā te mea ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakahaere i roto i te wā. Ahakoa he mea nui te utu, ko te whakatairanga i te kounga me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ka whakarite i te haumaru me te pono mō te wā roa.

Te Mahi tahi me ngā Kaihanga Pono

Te hiranga o te hoko mai i ngā kaiwhakarato rongonui

Mā te hoko mai i ngā kaihanga rongonui ka taurangi te kounga me te tutuki o ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū. He maha ngā kaiwhakarato kua roa e whai wheako ana ki te whakaputa hua whaimana e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa ahumahi. Ka whakaratohia hoki e rātou he ratonga whai muri i te hoko pono, tae atu ki te tiaki me te tautoko tiwhikete anō. Mā te mahi tahi me ngā kaihanga pono ka whakaitihia ngā mōrearea, ā, ka whakarite kia mahi pai ngā taputapu kia rite ki te mea e tumanakohia ana i roto i ngā taiao morearea.

Ngā pātai hei pātai atu ki ngā kaihanga mō ngā tiwhikete

Me pātai ngā kaihoko ki ngā kaihanga i ngā pātai motuhake mō ngā tiwhikete hei whakarite kia tutukihia ngā whakaritenga. Ko ngā pātai matua ko:

• Ko ēhea ngā tiwhikete kei te hua (hei tauira, UL, ATEX, IECEx)?
• Ka taea e te kaihanga te whakarato tuhinga hei whakamana i ēnei tiwhikete?
• Kua whakamatautauria ngā hua mō ngā rohe morearea motuhake, pērā i te Rohe 1, te Rohe 2 rānei?
• He aha ngā tukanga tiaki, whakamanatanga anō rānei e hiahiatia ana?

Mā ēnei pātai ka āwhina i ngā kaihoko ki te whakatau whai whakaaro, me te whiriwhiri i ngā hua e tutuki ai ā rātou hiahia whakahaere.

He mea nui ngā tiwhikete rama mahi ātete-pahū, pērā i te UL, ATEX, me te IECEx, hei whakarite i te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga i roto i ngā taiao morearea. Ehara i te mea ka tiaki noa ēnei tiwhikete i ngā kaimahi engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te whai huatanga o te mahi. Hei tauira, ka hangai te tiwhikete IECEx ki ngā paerewa haumaru o te ao, ka whakaiti i ngā utu me te wā mō ngā kaihanga me te pupuri tonu i te haumaru. Waihoki, he mea nui te tutuki i ngā paerewa NEC me ATEX mō ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hinu me te hau, ina whakaitihia e te rama ātete-pahū ngā mōrearea me te whakapai ake i te pono.

He hua roa te haumi ki ngā otinga rama whaimana. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā pūnaha ātete-pahū LED te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao tae atu ki te 90% me te roa tae atu ki te 100,000 hāora, ka tino whakaiti i ngā hiahia tiaki. Me manatoko tonu ngā kaihoko i ngā tiwhikete me te whiriwhiri i ngā hua mai i ngā kaihanga pono hei whakarite i te haumaru, te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, me te roa.

Ngā Pātai Auau

1. He aha te tikanga o te kupu "ārai-pahū" mō ngā rama mahi?

Kua hangaia ngā rama mahi ātete-pahū hei ārai i ngā mura o roto, i te wera rānei, kei mura ai ngā hau mura, ngā kohu, te puehu rānei i roto i ngā taiao morearea. Ka tutuki i ēnei rama ngā paerewa haumaru pakari hei whakarite i te mahi haumaru i roto i ngā hau ka pahū pea.

2. Me pēhea te whakamana a ngā kaihoko i te tiwhikete o tētahi hua?

Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te manatoko i ngā tiwhikete mā te tirotiro i ngā pātengi raraunga mana mai i ngā whakahaere tiwhikete pēnei i a UL, ATEX, IECEx rānei. Mā ēnei whaiaronga e whakaū te tutuki me te pono o te hua, kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga haumaru mō ngā wāhi morearea.

3. Ka taea te whakawhiti i ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te UL me te ATEX?

Kāo, he motuhake ki ia rohe ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te UL me te ATEX. Ka pā te UL ki Amerika Te Raki, ko te ATEX ia he mea whakahau i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. Me whai whakaaro ngā pakihi e mahi ana i te ao ki te tiwhikete IECEx kia whānui ake ai te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.

4. He aha te hiranga o te tapanga tika mō ngā rama ātete-pahū?

Mā te tapanga tika ka whakaratohia he mōhiohio nui, pērā i ngā whakarōpūtanga wāhi morearea me ngā paerewa tutuki. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te tautuhi i ngā hua e tika ana mō ngā taiao motuhake, me te karo hoki i ngā takahi ture.

5. Kia pēhea te auau o te whakamanatanga anō i ngā rama ātete-pahū?

He rerekē ngā wātaka whakamana anō i runga i te whakahaere tiwhikete me te momo hua. Mā ngā tirotiro me ngā mahi tiaki auau ka mau tonu te tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru, ka tiakina hoki ngā kaimahi me ngā taputapu i roto i te wā.