Ngā Tohu Whero ina Hokona ana ngā Rama mai i ngā Kaiwhakarato Āhia?

He wero ahurei te kimi rama mai i ngā kaiwhakarato Āhia ka pā ki ngā pakihi i te taha pūtea me te mahi. He mea nui te tautuhi i ngā mōrearea o te kimi rama hei karo i ngā kaiwhakarato kore pono me ngā hua hapa. He maha ngā take kounga ka puta mai i te tere o te whakaputa, te kino o te ingoa me te pikinga o ngā utu. Ko te kore e tutuki i ngā paerewa tiwhikete ka arahi pea ki ngā whiu ture, ko ngā utu huna pēnei i ngā takoha kawemai me ngā utu kaipuke ka whakararu i ngā tawhē hua. Mā te whakapakari i ngā whanaungatanga kaiwhakarato me te whakatairanga i te mana whakahaere kounga i ia wāhanga ka āwhina ki te whakaiti i ēnei mōrearea. Ko ngā mahi matatau, pēnei i te manatoko i ngā tiwhikete me te whakahaere i ngā tirotiro auau, ka whakarite kia tutukihia ngā paerewa hua me te pupuri tonu.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Kōwhiria ngā kaiwhakarato e mārama ana te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hei ārai i ngā whakaroa, i ngā pōhēhētanga rānei.
• Tirohia ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te ISO me te RoHS kia whai ai i ngā ture haumaru.
• Me tono kia tirohia i mua i te tuku kia kitea wawe ai ngā raruraru.
• Whakamahia ngā tikanga utu haumaru, pērā i te escrow, hei tiaki i tō moni.
• Rangahauhia pai ngā kaiwhakarato mā te pānui i ngā arotake me te tono tauira.

NoaNgā Mōrearea o te Kimi i te Pūtake o te Rama

Te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Kino

Ngā whakautu whakaroa, kāore rānei i te ōrite

Ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whai hua te poutokomanawa o te rapunga rama angitu. Ko ngā kaiwhakarato e whakaroa ana i ngā whakautu, e whakarato ana rānei i ngā whakahoutanga kāore i te ōrite, ka raru pea. Ko te paunga o ngā taonga i te wā e tino hiahiatia ana nā te whakaroa o ngā kaiwhakarato ka arahi pea ki te kore e pai o te kaihoko me te ngaro o te pono. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā whakaroa ki te aro atu ki ngā tirotiro tikanga, ki ngā hapa tuhinga rānei, ka roa ake te wā arahi, ka whakaiti i ngā taumata taonga me te pā ki te whai huatanga o te mahi. Ka whakararuraru ngā kaihoko i ngā whakaroa tuku, ka ngaro ngā hoko me te hiahia mō te tuku tere utu nui, ka pā ki te hua. Me whakatairanga ngā pakihi i ngā kaiwhakarato e pupuri ana i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tere me te ōrite kia kore ai e raru ēnei wero.

Te kore mārama o ngā whakautu ki ngā pātai mō te hua, mō te tukanga rānei

Mā ngā kaiwhakarato e kore e whakarato i ngā whakautu mārama ki ngā whakatakotoranga hua, ki ngā tukanga whakaputa rānei, ka ara ake he tohu ārai. Mā te koretake o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ka arahi pea ki ngā māramatanga kore, ka hua ake he hua kāore e tutuki i ngā tumanakohanga. Hei tauira, mā ngā taipitopito kore mārama mō ngā rauemi, mō ngā tikanga hanga rānei ka hua ake he rama kāore e roa, kāore rānei e tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru. Mā te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mārama, mārama hoki ka whakarite kia tutuki ngā tumanakohanga a ngā taha e rua, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā hapa, ā, ka whakarite kia maeneene ngā mahi.

Te Kore o te Māramatanga

Te kore e whakaae ki te whakapuaki i ngā taipitopito o te wheketere, i ngā tiwhikete rānei

He mea nui te māramatanga hei aromatawai i te pono o ngā kaiwhakarato. Tērā pea he mea huna kei ngā kaiwhakarato e kore e pai ki te whakapuaki i ngā taipitopito o te wheketere, i ngā tiwhikete rānei, pērā i te kore e tutuki i ngā paerewa ahumahi. Ka whakamatautauria ngā rama kua whakamanahia, kia mau ai te haumaru me te pono. Ko ngā tiwhikete pērā i te ISO 9001 e whakaatu ana i te whakapau kaha ki te kounga, e whakarei ake ana i te whakapono o ngā kaihoko. Ka whakatairanga te whakawhirinaki ki ngā hua kua whakamanahia i te pono o te waitohu i waenga i ngā kaihoko, ā, ka waiho te māramatanga hei āhuatanga kore e taea te whiriwhiri i roto i te rapu rama.

Te whanonga karo ina pātaihia mō ngā tukanga whakaputa

Ko ngā kaiwhakarato e whakaatu ana i ngā whanonga karo ina pātaihia mō ngā tukanga whakaputa, he maha ngā wā kāore i te whai mana. Ko ngā kaiwhakarato pono ka tuku kōrero noa mō ā rātou tikanga hanga, rauemi, me ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga. Mā te hanga whakawhirinaki ki ngā kaiwhakarato mārama ka hua ake te mahi tahi mō te wā roa me te whakarite i ngā hiahia o te kaihoko. Ka hangaia he mekameka tuku pai e ngā whanaungatanga pakari, ka whai wāhi ki te pumau o te pakihi me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea o te rapu rama.

Ngā Āwangawanga Kounga

Ngā arotake kino, ngā amuamu rānei a ngā kaihoko o mua

Mā ngā urupare a te kiritaki ka kitea he māramatanga nui mō te pono o te kaiwhakarato. Ko ngā arotake kino, ngā amuamu rānei a ngā kaihoko o mua e tohu ana i ngā take e puta tonu ana, pērā i ngā hua kounga iti, ngā tuku kua whakaroa rānei. Me rangahau pai ngā pakihi i ngā arotake a ngā kaiwhakarato kia kitea ai ngā tūponotanga. Kāore pea te kaiwhakarato he hītori amuamu kāore anō kia whakatauhia e tutuki i a ia ngā tumanakohanga kounga.

Ngā tauira kounga iti kāore e rite ki ngā whakaritenga

He tirohanga tuatahi ngā tauira ki te kounga o te hua whakamutunga. Ko ngā tauira kounga iti kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga kua whakaaetia, he tohu pea mō ngā raruraru i roto i te hanga papatipu. Hei tauira, ko ngā rerekētanga o ngā rauemi, ngā taumata kanapa, te pakari rānei ka arahi ki te kore e pai o te kaihoko me te pikinga o ngā utu mō te mahi anō, te whakakapinga rānei. Mā te arotake i ngā tauira me te āta whakarite ka taea e te kaiwhakarato te tuku hua e rite ana ki ngā tumanakohanga.

Utu Kore-tūturu

He iti iho ngā utu i ngā toharite o te mākete

Ko ngā kaiwhakarato e tuku ana i ngā utu he iti rawa i te toharite o te mākete, he maha ngā wā ka ara ake ngā āwangawanga mō te kounga o te hua, mō ngā hapa huna rānei. Ahakoa he ātaahua te utu whakataetae, ko ngā utu tino iti rawa e tohu ana i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi iti iho i te paerewa, i ngā ara poto rānei i roto i te hanga. Hei tauira, ko te rama rama e pānuitia ana mō te haurua o te utu noa, tera pea kāore e roa, kāore rānei e tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru. Me arotake e ngā pakihi mēnā e rite ana te utu ki te kounga me te mahi e tumanakohia ana o te hua. Mā te whakataurite i ngā utu mai i ngā kaiwhakarato maha ka āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā mea rerekē, ā, ka whakarite i te utu tika.

TohutohuMe pātai tonu ki ngā utu e ahua pai rawa ana, kāore e taea te whakapono. Tirohia ngā tikanga whakaputa me ngā rauemi a te kaiwhakarato kia kore ai e puta he ohorere utu nui i muri mai.

Ngā utu huna i whakakitea i muri mai i roto i te tukanga

I te tīmatanga ka tukuna e ētahi kaiwhakarato he utu iti, engari i muri mai ka whakauruhia he utu huna, pērā i ngā utu tuku ohorere, ngā taake tāpiri, ngā utu rānei mō te takai. Ka taea e ēnei whakapaunga ohorere te whakanui ake i te utu katoa, me te whakararuraru i ngā tahua. Hei tauira, ka kore pea e tukuna e te kaiwhakarato ngā taake tikanga mai i te whakatau utu tuatahi, ka waiho mā ngā kaihoko e utu ēnei utu i te wā e tukuna ai. Hei whakaiti i tēnei mōrearea, me tono ngā pakihi i mua i te wā e whakamāramahia ai ngā whakapaunga katoa pea i mua i te whakaoti i ngā whakaaetanga.

WhakarāpopototangaKo te utu koretake he tohu i ngā mōrearea huna o te hoko rama, pērā i te kounga iti, ngā utu huna rānei. Me whakatairanga ngā pakihi i te māramatanga me te whakahaere tātari utu hōhonu hei karo i ngā mahanga pūtea.

Ngā tuhinga kāore i oti

Ngā tiwhikete ngaro, rūpahu rānei

He nui ngā mōrearea mō ngā kaiwhakarato kāore e taea te whakarato i ngā tiwhikete whai mana. Mā ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te ISO, CE, me te RoHS ka tutuki ngā paerewa haumaru me te kounga o te ao. Mēnā he tiwhikete ngaro, he tiwhikete rūpahu rānei, ka tohu pea tēnei i te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ka puta ai ngā take ture, ngā whakahokinga hua rānei. Hei tauira, ko te rama kāore he tiwhikete RoHS, tera pea kei roto ngā rauemi morearea, ka whakararu i te haumaru o te kaiwhakamahi. Me manatoko e ngā kaihoko te pono o ngā tiwhikete mā roto i ngā hongere mana, mā roto rānei i ngā tari tuatoru.

Te kore e taea te whakarato i ngā nama me ngā kirimana tika

He mea nui ngā tuhinga tika, tae atu ki ngā nama me ngā kirimana, mō te kawenga me te tiaki ture. Ko ngā kaiwhakarato e kore e whakarato i ēnei tuhinga, tera pea kāore i te ngaio, e ngana rānei ki te karo i te kawenga. Hei tauira, ko te kaiwhakarato e kore e tuku kirimana ōkawa, tera pea ka whakakahoretia ngā tikanga kua whakaaetia i muri mai, ka waiho ngā kaihoko kia ngoikore. Me tohe ngā pakihi ki ngā tuhinga mārama, taipitopito hoki hei whakatū whakawhirinaki me te whakarite kia maeneene ngā whakawhitiwhitinga.

WhakarāpopototangaKa whakaitihia te whakawhirinaki e ngā tuhinga kāore i oti, ā, ka whakapiki ake i ngā mōrearea mō te kimi rama. Mā te manatoko i ngā tiwhikete me te whiwhi kirimana tika ka tiakina ngā pakihi mai i ngā wero ture me ngā wero whakahaere pea.

Te Whakapūmau i te Kounga o te Hua

Ngā Tiwhikete me ngā Paerewa

Te Hiranga o ngā Tiwhikete ISO, CE, me RoHS

He mea nui ngā tiwhikete hei whakarite i te kounga me te haumaru o ngā rama. Mā ēnei ka whakapūmau kei te tutuki ngā hua i ngā paerewa o te ao, ā, he mea hanga tika hoki.

• Tiwhikete ISO 9001ka whakatū i tētahi anga mō te whakahaere kounga, hei whakarite i te kounga hua pumau, me te whakarei ake i te pai o te makona o ngā kaihoko.
• Tohu CEhe mea whakahau kia whakamahia ngā rama e hokona ana i Ūropi. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture mō te haumaru, te hauora, me te tiaki taiao, kia māmā ake ai te urunga atu ki te mākete.
• Te Whakatutukitanga RoHSka whakaiti i ngā matū morearea i roto i te hanga, ka whakatairanga i te oranga tonutanga o te taiao me te hauora tūmatanui.

Ehara i te mea ka tiaki noa ēnei tiwhikete i ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te mana o ngā pakihi e rapu ana i ngā rama rama.

Te manatoko i te pono o ngā tiwhikete kua whakaratohia

I ētahi wā, ka tukuna pea e ngā kaiwhakarato he tiwhikete rūpahu kia kitea ai he rite ki ngā ture. Me manatoko e ngā kaihoko te pono o ēnei tuhinga mā roto i ngā hongere mana, mā roto rānei i ngā tari tuatoru. Mā tēnei mahi ka whakarite kia tutuki ngā rama i ngā paerewa e hiahiatia ana, ā, ka whakaitihia hoki ngā mōrearea o te hoko rama. Ka tiakina hoki ngā pakihi e ngā tiwhikete pono mai i ngā whiu ture me ngā whakahokinga hua.

TuhipokaMe tono tonu i ngā tau tiwhikete, me te tirotiro anō hoki ki ngā mana whakaputa hei whakaū i tōna mana.

Whakamātautau Hua

Te tono tirotiro i mua i te tukunga

He mea nui ngā tirotiro i mua i te tukunga hei tautuhi i ngā take kounga i mua i te taenga o ngā hua ki te mākete. Ka arotakehia e ēnei tirotiro ngā āhuatanga maha o te rama, pēnei i:

Mā te whakamātautau i ngā inenga mahi matua pēnei i te putanga hiko, te tawhiti hihi, me te roa o te pākahiko ka whakarite kia tutuki i ngā rama ngā tumanakohanga a te kiritaki, ā, ka taea hoki te tu atu i ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūturu.

Te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga tuatoru mō te roa me te haumaru

Mā te whakamātautau taiwhanga tuatoru ka taea te aromatawai i te kounga o te rama. Ka aromatawaihia e ēnei whakamātautau te pakari, te ārai wai, me ngā āhuatanga haumaru i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere. Hei tauira, ko te kaha o te rama ki te mahi i muri i te pānga ki te wai, ki te pānga rānei, e whakaatu ana i tōna pono. Ka whakaū hoki te whakamātautau motuhake i te tutuki i ngā paerewa ahumahi, ka whakaiti ake i ngā mōrearea o te kimi rama.

Ngā Tukanga Whakapūmau Kounga

Te whakatū i ngā whakaaetanga whakahaere kounga mārama

Ko ngā whakaaetanga whakahaere kounga mārama e whakatakoto ana i ngā tumanakohanga mō ngā paerewa hua me ngā wā tuku. E whakamārama ana ēnei whakaaetanga i ngā inenga motuhake, pērā i te tutuki i ngā paerewa IS 2083, hei tautuhi i te kounga. Ka whakarite hoki i te kawenga, nā te mea he herenga kirimana ā ngā kaiwhakarato ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga kua whakaaetia. Ko ngā pakihi e whakatairanga ana i ēnei whakaaetanga ka iti ake ngā tautohetohe, ā, ka nui ake te pono o te hua.

Te aro turuki i te whakaputanga mā te whakahōutanga, te toro atu rānei i ia wā

Mā ngā whakahoutanga auau, ngā haerenga rānei ki ngā wheketere ka taea e ngā kaihoko te aroturuki i te ahunga whakamua o te whakaputanga me te whakatika wawe i ngā take. Mā tēnei huarahi matatau ka whakarite kia piri ngā kaiwhakarato ki ngā paerewa kounga puta noa i te tukanga whakaputanga. Hei tauira, mā ngā tirotiro matapōkere i te wā whakaputanga ka taea te tautuhi wawe i ngā hapa, ka ārai i te mahi anō utu nui, i ngā whakaroa rānei.

TohutohuMā te mahi tahi me ngā kaihoko tuatoru ka taea te whakahaere i ngā mahi aroturuki me te tuku urupare kore whakaaro mō te kounga o te whakaputanga.

WhakarāpopototangaKo te whakarite i te kounga o te hua ko te manatoko i ngā tiwhikete, te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau tino tika, me te whakatū i ngā tukanga whakaū kounga pakari. Mā ēnei mahi ka tiakina ngā pakihi mai i ngā mōrearea o te hoko rauemi rama, ā, ka whakarei ake i te pai o te kiritaki.

Ngā Mōrearea Pūtea i roto iTe Rapunga Rama

Ngā Ture Utu me te Utu

Ngā mōrearea o te utu i ngā moni katoa i mua

Mā te utu i te moni katoa i mua i te hoko ka tūpono ngā kaihoko ki ngā mōrearea pūtea nui. Tērā pea ka kore ngā kaiwhakarato e tuku i ngā hua kua whakaaetia, ka whakarato rānei i ngā taonga kāore e tutuki i ngā paerewa kounga. I roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ka uaua te whakahoki mai i ngā moni, inā koa ka mahi tahi me ngā kaiwhakarato o te ao. Hei tauira, ko te kaihoko e utu ana i te 100% i mua i te hoko, tērā pea ka pāngia e ngā mate mēnā ka ngaro te kaiwhakarato, ka tukuna rānei he rama he. Hei whakaiti i tēnei mōrearea, me karo ngā pakihi i ngā utu katoa i mua i te hoko, ā, me tūhura i ngā huarahi utu kē atu.

Te whiriwhiri i ngā tikanga utu haumaru (hei tauira, te escrow, ngā reta nama rānei)

Mā ngā tikanga utu haumaru ka tiakina ngā kaihoko mai i ngā mate pūtea. Mā ngā kōwhiringa pēnei i ngā ratonga pupuri moni, ngā reta nama rānei, ka tukuna noa ngā moni ina tutuki i te kaiwhakarato ā rātou herenga. Ka puritia ngā utu e ngā ratonga pupuri moni kia tae rā anō ki te wā e whakaū ai te kaihoko i te whiwhinga o ngā taonga e pai ana. Mā ngā reta nama, e tukuna ana e ngā peeke, ka whakamanahia te utu ki te kaiwhakarato ina tutuki ngā tikanga motuhake. Mā ēnei tikanga ka whakaratohia he haumarutanga pūtea, ā, ka whakatipu hoki i te whakawhirinaki i waenga i ngā kaihoko me ngā kaiwhakarato.

TohutohuMe whiriwhiri tonu i ngā tikanga utu kia taurite ai te mōrearea mō ngā taha e rua. Āta karohia ngā kaiwhakarato e tohe ana kia utua katoatia i mua i te utu, engari kāore e tuku huarahi haumaru.

Ngā Utu Huna

Ngā utu tuku ohorere, ngā taripa rānei

Ka taea e ngā utu huna, pērā i ngā utu kaipuke kāore i te tumanakohia, ngā taripa rānei, te whakanui ake i te utu katoa mō te hoko rama. Tērā pea ka whakahuahia e ngā kaiwhakarato he utu iti i te tīmatanga engari kāore e whakaurua ēnei whakapaunga, ka waiho mā ngā kaihoko e utu i muri mai. Hei tauira, tērā pea ka utua e te kaihoko he utu tāpiri mō te tuku tere, ngā takoha ritenga rānei i te wā e tukuna ana. Hei karo i ngā ohorere, me tono ngā pakihi i tētahi wehewehenga utu taipitopito me te whakamārama i ngā utu katoa i mua i te whakaoti i ngā whakaaetanga.

Ngā utu mō te mahi anō, te whakakapi rānei i ngā hua hapa

He maha ngā wā ka nui ake ngā whakapaunga mō te mahi anō, te whakakapi rānei i ngā hua hapa. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he whakatikatika, he whakahokinga moni, he whakakapi rānei mō ngā rama kounga iti, ka piki ake ai ngā utu whakahaere. Hei tauira, ko te puranga rama he pākahiko hapa, tērā pea me huihui anō, me whakakore rānei, ka whakararu i te tahua. Me whakarite e ngā kaihoko ngā mahi whakapumau kounga hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te whiwhi taonga hapa.

TuhipokaKa taea e ngā utu huna te whakaiti i ngā tawhē hua. Me whakahaere e ngā pakihi he tātaritanga utu hōhonu, me te whakatū whakaaetanga mārama hei whakaiti i ēnei mōrearea.

Ngā Mahi Tinihanga

Ngā kaiwhakarato e ngaro ana i muri i te whiwhinga utu

He tino mōrearea ki ngā kaihoko ngā kaiwhakarato tinihanga. Ka ngaro ētahi kaiwhakarato i muri i te whiwhinga utu, ka waiho ngā kaihoko kāore he hua, kāore he huarahi hei whakahoki. He tino kitea tēnei take ina mahi tahi me ngā kaiwhakarato kāore i te mōhiotia, kāore rānei i manatokohia. Hei tiaki i tēnei mōrearea, me manatoko e ngā pakihi ngā tohu a te kaiwhakarato me te whakamahi i ngā tikanga utu haumaru, pērā i te pūtea pupuri, i ngā taurangi peeke rānei.

Ngā kamupene rūpahu e whakaari ana he kaiwhakarato tika rātou

He maha ngā wā ka whakaari ngā kamupene rūpahu i a rātou anō he kaiwhakarato tika hei tinihanga i ngā kaihoko. Tērā pea ka waihangahia e ēnei hinonga he paetukutuku whakapati, ka tukuna rānei he tuhinga rūpahu kia kitea he pono. Ka tūpono ngā kaihoko e pāngia ana e ēnei momo tinihanga ki te ngaro moni me te kino o tā rātou mekameka tuku. Mā te rangahau hohonu, tae atu ki te tirotiro i ngā raihana pakihi me ngā arotake ipurangi, ka āwhina i te tautuhi me te karo i ngā kaiwhakarato tinihanga.

WhakatūpatoMe manatoko tonu i te pono o te kaiwhakarato mā roto i ngā hongere maha. Āta karohia ngā whakawhitiwhitinga me ngā kaiwhakarato kāore i te whai tohu manatoko, kāore hoki he hītori mahi kua whakamātauhia.

WhakarāpopototangaKo ngā mōrearea pūtea i roto i te rapu rama rama ko ngā ngoikoretanga utu, ngā utu huna, me ngā mahi tinihanga. Ka taea e ngā pakihi te whakaiti i ēnei mōrearea mā te whiriwhiri i ngā tikanga utu haumaru, te whakamārama i ngā hanganga utu, me te manatoko i te tika o te kaiwhakarato. Mā ngā mahi matatau ka mau tonu te pumau o te pūtea me te tiaki i ngā mate pea.

Aromatawai me te Manatoko a te Kaiwhakarato

Te Manatoko i ngā Tohu

Te tirotiro i ngā raihana pakihi me ngā taipitopito rēhitatanga

Ko te aromatawai i ngā tohu o te kaiwhakarato ka tīmata mā te manatoko i ā rātou raihana pakihi me ngā taipitopito rēhita. Mā tēnei mahi ka whakarite kia mahi ture te kaiwhakarato, ā, kia tutuki hoki i ngā paerewa ahumahi. He maha ngā wā ka mau i ngā kaiwhakarato pono ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te ISO 9001, e whakaatu ana i tā rātou whakapau kaha ki te whakahaere kounga.

• Mā ngā tiwhikete ka whakamanahia te whakapau kaha o te kaiwhakarato ki te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.
• Ka whakarite rātou kia tutuki ngā whakaritenga ture, kia marino ai te hinengaro o ngā kaihoko.
• Mā te mahi tahi me ngā kaiwhakarato whaimana ka whakarei ake i te ingoa o te pakihi, nā te mea ka whakanuia e ngā kiritaki ngā hua e tautokona ana e ngā paerewa kua manatokohia.

Mā te tino tirotiro i ēnei taipitopito ka whakaitihia ngā mōrearea o te kimi rama, ā, ka hanga hoki i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kaha o te kaiwhakarato.

Te rangahau i te ingoa rongonui o te kaiwhakarato i runga ipurangi

Mā te ingoa rongonui o te kaiwhakarato ipurangi ka kitea he māramatanga nui mō tōna pono. Me tūhura ngā kaihoko i ngā arotake, ngā whakatauranga, me ngā whakaaturanga a ngā kiritaki o mua. Ko ngā urupare kino, ngā amuamu rānei kāore anō kia whakatauhia, he maha ngā wā ka tohu i ngā take pea, pērā i ngā hua kounga iti, ngā tukunga kua whakaroa rānei. Hei tāpiri, mā te rangahau i te aroaro o te kaiwhakarato i ngā huihuinga ahumahi, i ngā papaaho hokohoko rānei, ka kitea tōna tūnga i roto i te mākete. Mā tēnei huarahi matatau ka āwhina ngā pakihi ki te tautuhi i ngā hoa pono me te karo i ngā kaiwhakarato kāore e pono.

Te tono tauira

Te aromatawai i te kounga me te ōritetanga o ngā tauira

He taahiraa nui te tono tauira hua hei aromatawai i te kaha o te kaiwhakarato ki te whakatutuki i ngā tumanakohanga kounga. Mā ngā tauira ka taea e ngā kaihoko te aromatawai i ngā inenga mahi matua, pērā i te kanapa, te pakari, me te mahi. He maha ngā tikanga whakamātautau ka taea te whakamahi hei whakarite kia tutuki te rama i ngā paerewa e hiahiatia ana:

Mā ēnei whakamātautau ka whakaratohia he māramatanga whānui mō tete kounga o te rama, me te whakarite kia rite tonu te mahi whakaputa nui.

Te whakataurite i ngā tauira ki ngā oma whakaputa whakamutunga

He mea nui te ōritetanga i waenga i ngā tauira me ngā oma whakaputanga whakamutunga hei pupuri i ngā paerewa hua. Mā ngā rerekētanga o ngā rauemi, te mahi, te hoahoa rānei ka arahi pea ki te kore e makona o ngā kaihoko me te pikinga o ngā utu. Me whakarite e ngā kaihoko ngā tauira tuatahi ki ngā waeine i hangaia papatipu kia kitea ai ngā rerekētanga. Mā tēnei mahi ka whakarite kia piri te kaiwhakarato ki ngā whakaritenga kua whakaaetia, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā take kounga.

Te Whakahaere Rangahau

Te toro atu ki te wheketere a te kaiwhakarato (mēnā ka taea)

Mā ngā haerenga ki ngā wheketere ka kitea ngā pūkenga whakaputa a te kaiwhakarato me ngā tukanga whakahaere kounga. Mā te tirotiro i ngā mahi i te papaanga ka taea e ngā kaihoko te manatoko i te piripono o te kaiwhakarato ki ngā paerewa ahumahi me te aromatawai i tō rātou whai huatanga. Ka whakatairangahia hoki e ngā haerenga ki ngā wheketere te whakawhirinaki me te whakapakari i ngā whanaungatanga pakihi, ka hangaia he turanga mō te mahi tahi mō te wā roa.

Te whakamahi i ngā kaihoko rauemi tuatoru mō te manatoko

He huarahi whai hua ngā kaihoko e kore e taea te toro atu ki ngā wheketere mā ngā kaihoko mai i ngā rōpū tuatoru. Ka tirotirohia e ēnei kaihoko ngā papamuri, ka manatoko i ngā tohu a te kaiwhakarato, ka tirotirohia hoki ngā whare hei whakarite i te māramatanga. Mā ō rātou tohungatanga ka tiakina ngā pakihi mai i ngā kaiwhakarato kore pono, ā, ka whakarite kia whai hua, kia pono hoki te tukanga rapu rauemi.

WhakarāpopototangaKo te aromatawai me te manatoko i ngā kaiwhakarato ko te tirotiro i ngā tohu, te aromatawai i te kounga o te tauira, me te whakahaere rangahau hōhonu. Mā ēnei mahi ka whakaitihia ngā mōrearea o te rapu rama, ā, ka whakarite i ngā hononga mahi tahi me ngā kaiwhakarato pono.

Whakahaere Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero me te Whakawhanaungatanga

Te wikitoria i ngā arai reo

Te whakamahi i ngā kaiwhakamāori ngaio, i ngā kaimahi reo rua rānei

He maha ngā arai reo e ārai ana i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whai hua i waenga i ngā kaihoko me ngā kaiwhakarato. Mā te whakamahi i ngā kaiwhakamāori ngaio, i ngā kaimahi reo rua rānei, ka mārama, ka whakaiti hoki i ngā māramatanga i roto i ngā whiriwhiringa. Ka whakakīia e ēnei tohunga ngā āputa reo, ka poipoi i te whakawhirinaki me te whakapai ake i te mahi tahi. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā kaimahi reo rua te whakamārama tika i ngā kupu hangarau, me te whakarite kia ōrite ngā taha e rua ki ngā whakaritenga hua me ngā tumanakohanga.

Te whakangāwari i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mā te reo mārama, poto hoki

Mā te whakamāmā i te reo i roto i ngā taunekeneke ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te hē o te whakamaoritanga. Mā te whakamahi i ngā rerenga poto, tika, me te karo i ngā kupu whakapati, ka mārama ngā karere. Mā ngā āwhina tirohanga, pērā i ngā hoahoa, ngā tūtohi rānei, ka taea te whakamārama ake i ngā ariā uaua. Mā tēnei huarahi ka whakarei ake i te whai huatanga, ā, ka whakarite kia noho tonu ngā taha e rua ki te whārangi kotahi puta noa i te tukanga rapu rauemi.

TohutohuĀta karohia ngā kīanga kōrero, ngā tohutoro ahurea rānei e whakapoauau ai i te hunga ehara i te kaikōrero taketake.

Whakataunga Tautohe

Te whakatū i ngā tikanga mārama i roto i ngā kirimana mō te whakahaere i ngā tautohe

He mea nui ngā tikanga kirimana kua tautuhia mārama hei whakatau pai i ngā tautohe. Me whakamārama ngā kirimana i ngā tika, ngā herenga, me ngā kawenga o ngā rōpū katoa. He maha ngā wā ka ara ake ngā taupatupatu i roto i ngā whakaaetanga, ā, he mea nui te reo tika. Hei tauira, mā te tautuhi i ngā paerewa kounga, ngā wā tuku, me ngā tikanga utu ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā māramatanga kore.

• He mea nui te whakamahi i ngā kupu kirimana mārama, taipitopito hoki, hei whakamārama i ngā mana, ngā herenga me ngā kawenga o ngā rōpū katoa e whai pānga ana.
• Ka taea e te koretake o ngā kirimana te arahi i ngā tautohe, ā, he mea nui te māramatanga mō te pupuri i ngā whanaungatanga pakihi pai.

Te whakamahi i ngā ratonga takawaenga tuatoru mēnā e tika ana

Mā te takawaenga tuatoru ka taea te whakatau i ngā tautohe me te kore e whakamahi i te ture. Mā te takawaenga koretake ka āwhina i ngā kōrero, ka āwhina i ngā taha e rua kia tae ki tētahi whakaaetanga e whakaaetia ana e te katoa. He iti te utu o tēnei tikanga, ā, ka karohia ngā whakaroa e pā ana ki ngā mahi whakawā ōkawa. Mā te takawaenga ka whakapakari i ngā whanaungatanga pakihi mā te whakatipu i te mahi tahi me te māramatanga o te katoa.

• Ko te takawaenga he mea whakauru i tētahi rōpū tuatoru kūpapa hei āwhina i te kimi i tētahi otinga e whakaaetia ana e te katoa.
• He huarahi utu-pai, he huarahi whai hua hoki tēnei hei whakakapi i ngā tautohe, ā, he maha ngā wā kāore e hiahiatia ana ngā whakahaerenga kōti ōkawa.

Te Hanga Hononga Mō Te Wā Roa

Te pupuri i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā whakahōutanga auau

Mā te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero auau ka whakapakari ake i ngā whanaungatanga ki ngā kaiwhakarato, ā, ka whakarite hoki i te māramatanga. Mā te whakarato whakahōutanga mō ngā wātaka whakaputa, ngā tūnga tuku, me ngā tirotiro kounga ka hanga whakawhirinaki. Mā ngā hui kua whakaritea, ngā waea ataata rānei ka āwhina i te aro wawe ki ngā āwangawanga, ka poipoi i tētahi taiao mahi tahi. Mā te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero auau ka taea e ngā pakihi te matapae me te whakatau i ngā take ka pā mai i mua i te horapa haere.

Te tuku urupare hei whakapai ake i ngā mahi tahi ā muri ake nei

Mā te urupare whai hua ka whakarei ake i ngā mahi tahi ā muri ake nei mā te aro ki ngā wāhi hei whakapai ake. Mā te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro mō te kounga o te hua, te mahi tuku, te pai rānei o te kiritaki ka āwhina i ngā kaiwhakarato ki te whakapai ake i ā rātou tukanga. Mā te whakaū pai mō ngā mahi kua oti pai te whakahaere ka akiaki i ngā kaiwhakarato ki te pupuri i ngā paerewa teitei. Mā tēnei porowhita urupare ka waihanga he turanga mō ngā mahi tahi mō te wā roa.

TuhipokaMe whai kiko, me whai hua hoki ngā urupare, ā, me tuku mā te ngaio hei akiaki i te whakapai tonu.

WhakarāpopototangaKo te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te whakahaere whanaungatanga whai hua ko te wikitoria i ngā arai reo, te whakatau i ngā tautohe mā roto i ngā kirimana mārama me te takawaenga, me te whakatipu i ngā hononga roa mā roto i ngā whakahoutanga auau me ngā urupare whai hua. Mā ēnei tikanga ka pai ake te whakahaere me te kaha ake o ngā whanaungatanga ki ngā kaiwhakarato.

Ko te kimi rama mai i ngā kaiwhakarato Āhia he huarahi ki te whakatere i ētahi tūponotanga, tae atu ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ngoikore, ngā āwangawanga kounga, me ngā ngoikoretanga pūtea. Mā te tautuhi i ngā tohu whero, pērā i te utu koretake, te tuhinga kāore i oti rānei, ka āwhina i ngā pakihi ki te karo i ngā hoa mahi kore pono. He mea nui te mahi tirotiro tika me ngā mahi whakapumau kounga ki te whakaiti i ēnei tūponotanga.

• Mā ngā tiwhikete ka whakamanahia te whakapau kaha a te kaiwhakarato ki te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga me te kounga, ka whakaitihia te tūponotanga o ngā whiu ture, ngā whakahokinga rānei.
• Mā te mahi tahi me ngā kaiwhakarato whaimana ka whakarei ake i te ingoa o te waitohu mā te whakarite kia ōrite ngā paerewa hua.
• Mā ngā arowhai kounga auau me ngā whanaungatanga pakari ki ngā kaiwhakarato ka whakapakari ake i te pono o te mekameka tuku.

Mā ngā mahi matatau, pērā i te manatoko i ngā tohu me te pupuri i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mārama, ka whakamanahia ngā pakihi ki te hanga hononga pono me te whakatutuki i te angitu mō te wā roa.

Ngā Pātai Auau

1. Me pēhea e taea ai e ngā kaihoko te whakamana i te pono o ngā tiwhikete a te kaiwhakarato?

Me tono ngā kaihoko i ngā tau tiwhikete, ā, me tirotiro anō hoki ki ngā mana tuku. Ka taea hoki e ngā tari manatoko tuatoru te whakaū i te mana o ngā tiwhikete. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia tutukihia ngā paerewa o te ao, ā, ka whakaitihia hoki ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki ngā tuhinga rūpahu.

TohutohuMe manatoko tonu ngā tiwhikete i mua i te whakaotinga o ngā whakaaetanga hei karo i ngā take ture, kounga rānei.

2. He aha ngā painga o ngā tirotiro i mua i te tukunga?

Mā ngā tirotiro i mua i te tukunga ka āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā hapa i mua i te taenga o ngā hua ki te mākete. Ka whakarite kia tutuki ngā whakaritenga kua whakaaetia, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te kore whakaae a ngā kaihoko. Ka penapenahia hoki ngā utu mā te ārai i te mahi anō, te whakakapi rānei i muri i te tukunga.

Te Take MatuaMā te kitenga wawe i ngā raruraru ka maeneene ake ngā mahi me te kounga o te hua.

3. He aha te mea nui kia kaua e utua katoatia ngā moni i mua?

Mā te utu i te moni katoa i mua i te utu ka nui ake ngā mōrearea pūtea. Tērā pea ka kore e tukuna, ka whakaratohia rānei e ngā kaiwhakarato ngā hua kounga iti iho. Mā ngā tikanga utu haumaru, pērā i te pūtea pupuri, ngā reta nama rānei, ka tiakina ngā kaihoko mā te tuku moni i muri i te tutuki o ngā tikanga.

TuhipokaMā ngā tikanga utu haumaru ka tiakina ngā pakihi mai i ngā mate pea.

4. Me pēhea e taea ai e ngā pakihi te wikitoria i ngā arai reo me ngā kaiwhakarato?

Mā te whakamahi i ngā kaimahi reo rua, i ngā kaiwhakamāori ngaio rānei, ka mārama te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Mā te whakamāmā i te reo me te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tirohanga pērā i ngā hoahoa ka taea te whakaiti i ngā māramatanga. Ka whakapai ake ēnei rautaki i te mahi tahi, ā, ka poipoi hoki i te whakawhirinaki i waenga i ngā kaihoko me ngā kaiwhakarato.

TohutohuMā te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mārama ka whakaitihia ngā hapa, ka whakapakari hoki i ngā whanaungatanga ki ngā kaiwhakarato.

5. He aha ngā mahi ka taea e ngā kaihoko te mahi hei karo i ngā kaiwhakarato tinihanga?

Me manatoko ngā kaihoko i ngā raihana pakihi, me rangahau arotake ipurangi, me tono tauira. Mā ngā haerenga ki ngā wheketere, mā ngā kaihoko tuatoru rānei e whakarato he whakapumautanga anō. Mā ēnei mahi ka āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā kaiwhakarato pono me te ārai i ngā tinihanga.

Te Take MatuaMā te rangahau me te manatoko hōhonu ka tiakina ngā pakihi mai i te tinihanga.