Me pēhea te whakaiti i ngā utu mā te hoko rama rā OEM i runga i te nuinga?

Papatipungā rama rāhe otinga whai hua hei whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga rama. Mā te hoko nui, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whai hua mai i ngā ōhanga tauine me te whiwhi whakahekenga utu nui. Hei tauira:

1. Ka puta he utu tonu mō ngā pūnaha rama tuku iho, pērā i te $40 mō ia putu rārangi mō ngā hanganga hiko me te $20 mō ia rama i roto i ngā pire ā-marama. Ka whakakorea ēnei utu auau e te rama pūngao rā.
2. Nā tētahi kaupapa hokohoko ā-rōpū i te Rohe Waenga-uru i āhei ai ngā tāone iti ki te whakaiti i te utu mō ngā rama tiriti pūngao rā mā te whakakotahi i ngā ota.

Mā te whakamahere rautaki me ngā hekenga utu nui ka nui ake ngā penapena, ka waiho te rama pūngao rā hei kōwhiringa ōhanga, pumau hoki.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• He maha ngā mea e hokona anangā rama rāka iti ake te utu i te wā kotahi. Ka iti ake te utu mō ia rama mā ngā ota nui, ā, ka māmā ake hoki te mahi pepa.
• Mā te tono utu whakaheke me ngā tāpiri atu ki ngā OEM pēnei i te tuku kore utu ka penapena moni mō ngā ota nui.
• Mā te hoko i te wā e hokohoko ana, e iti ana rānei te tono, ka nui te whakaiti i ngā utu.
• Mā te whakamahi i ngā whakahekenga taake me ngā whakahokinga moni mō ngā kaupapa pūngao matomato ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu.
• Ka penapena moni ngā rama pūngao rā i te roanga o te wā mā te whakaheke i ngā pire hiko, me te kore e nui te tiaki e hiahiatia ana, ā, he kōwhiringa atamai, he hoahoa taiao.

Ngā Painga Utu o ngā Rama Pūngao Rā

Ngā Ōhanga Tauine

He iti ake ngā utu mō ia waeine me ngā ota nui ake

Mā te hoko rama rā nui ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whakamahi i ngā painga o te tauine. Ko ngā ota nui ake ka iti ake ngā utu mō ia waeine, nā te mea ka taea e ngā kaihanga te arotau i ngā tukanga whakaputa me te whakaiti i te para rauemi. Hei tauira, he kaupapa whakakotahi i ngā ota maha-tāone i te Midwest mō ngā rama tiriti rā, e tutuki ai te whakahekenga utu 25%. E whakaatu ana tēnei huarahi me pēhea te hoko nui e taea ai te whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga ki te whakataurite ki ngā ota iti, takitahi.

Te whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga whakahaere me ngā whakapaunga whakahaere

Mā ngā ota nui ka whakangawari ake i ngā mahi whakahaere, ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakahaere. He iti ake te wā me ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana mō te tukatuka i tētahi ota nui kotahi i te whakahaere i ngā tauwhitinga iti maha. Ehara i te mea ka penapena moni anake tēnei whai huatanga engari ka tere ake hoki ngā wā o te kaupapa. I roto i te kaupapa o Midwest, i whakapotoa te wā hoko mā te ono marama, ka taea ai te tere ake te whakatinanatanga o ngā pūnaha rama rā.

Ngā Whakahekenga me ngā Whakatenatena i te Nuinga

Ngā hekenga motuhake a OEM mō ngā ota nui

He maha ngā wā ka tukuna e ngā Kaihanga Taputapu Taketake (OEM) he utu whakaheke motuhake mō ngā hoko nui. Ka uru pea ki ēnei utu whakaheke he utu taumata, ka heke te utu mō ia waeine i te pikinga ake o te rahi o te ota. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whakamahi i ēnei tuku hei whakanui ake i ā rātou penapena. Hei tāpiri, ka tukuna e ētahi OEM he pūtāhui roa, pērā i te pūtāhui kore tiaki 10-tau i whakawhiwhia e ngā kaiuru i te kaupapa Midwest, e whakarei ake ana i te uara o ngā hoko nui.

Ngā tuku ā-wā, ngā tuku whakatairanga rānei

Mā ngā whakatairanga ā-wā me ngā tuku wā-iti ka puta he whai wāhitanga anō hei whakaiti i ngā utu. He maha ngā OEM e whakauru ana i ngā hekenga i ngā wā motuhake o te tau, pērā i ngā hokonga whakakorenga mutunga o te tau, ngā huihuinga whakatairanga rānei. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko e whakamahere rautaki ana i ā rātou hoko te whakamahi i ēnei whai wāhitanga ki te tiki rama pūngao rā kounga teitei i ngā utu iti.

Te Whakangawari i te Hokonga

He penapena wā me te kaha me te iti o ngā whakawhitiwhitinga

Mā te hoko nui ka māmā ake te tukanga hoko mā te whakaiti i te maha o ngā whakawhitiwhitinga e hiahiatia ana. Mā te whakakotahi i ā rātou ota ka penapenahia te wā me te kaha e ngā kaihoko, ka taea ai e rātou te aro ki ētahi atu āhuatanga nui o ā rātou kaupapa. Mā tēnei huarahi ngāwari ka whakaitihia ngā taumahatanga whakahaere, ā, ka whakarite kia maeneene ake te wheako hoko.

Ngā mahi whakahaere me ngā hononga kaiwhakarato kua whakangāwaritia

Ka pai ake te whakahaere i ngā mahi kawe taonga mā te whakamahi i ngā ota nui. Mā te iti o ngā tuku ka iti ake ngā utu utanga, ā, ka iti ake te uaua o te whakarite i ngā tuku. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakatū hononga roa ki ngā kaiwhakarato mā te hoko nui ka pai ake te ratonga me ngā otinga ritenga. Nā ēnei painga ka waiho ngā rama rā nui hei kōwhiringa ātaahua mō ngā kaupapa nui.

Rautaki Whiriwhiringa mō te PapatipuNgā Rama Pūngao

Ngā Hokonga Wā

Te hoko i ngā wā iti te tono

He mea nui te wā ki te whakarite i ngā utu iti mō ngā rama pūngao rā nui. He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā kaihanga e ngā piki me ngā heke o te tono puta noa i te tau. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whakamahi i ēnei wā iti te tono hei whiriwhiri i ngā utu pai ake. Hei tauira, mā te tuku ota i ngā wā kore-pīki, pērā i muri i ngā hararei nui, i ngā marama pakihi puhoi rānei, ka taea te penapena nui. He nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā kaiwhakarato ki te tuku hekenga i ēnei wā hei pupuri i ngā taumata whakaputa pumau.

Te whakamahi i ngā hokonga mutunga o te tau, ngā hokonga whakakorenga rānei

Ko ngā hoko mutunga tau me ngā huihuinga whakakorenga he whai wāhitanga anō hei whakaiti i ngā utu. He maha ngā OEM e whai ana ki te whakakore i ngā taonga hei hanga wāhi mō ngā raina hua hou. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko e aroturuki ana i ēnei hoko te hoko rama pūngao kounga teitei i ngā utu iti. Mā te whakamahere hoko huri noa i ēnei huihuinga ka taea te uru atu ki ngā hua kounga teitei me te noho tonu i roto i te tahua.

Te Whakamahi i ngā Hekenga Nui

Te tono utu taumata-papa i runga i te rahi o te ota

He mahi noa te utu taumata i waenga i ngā OEM, arā, ka heke te utu mō ia waeine i te pikinga ake o te rahi o te ota. Me tono ngā kaihoko i ngā hanganga utu taipitopito kia mārama ai rātou ki te pānga o ngā ota nui ki ngā utu whānui. Mā te whakanui rautaki i ngā rahinga ota, ka taea e rātou te whakanui ake i ngā penapena me te whakatutuki i te uara pai ake mō ā rātou haumitanga.

Te whiriwhiri i ngā painga tāpiri pēnei i te tuku kore utu

Haunga ngā utu taumata, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whiriwhiri mō ngā painga tāpiri pēnei i te tuku kore utu. Ka pā nui pea ngā utu tuku ki te whakapaunga katoa o ngā ota nui. Mā te whiwhi tuku kore utu, tuku whakaheke rānei, ka whakaitihia ngā whakapaunga whakahaere, ā, ka whakarei ake i te whai huatanga whānui o te hoko.

Te tūhura i ngā whakatenatena OEM

Te pātai mō ngā kaupapa pono, ngā hekenga utu rānei mō ngā kiritaki

He maha ngā wā ka whakawhiwhia e ngā OEM ngā kaihoko pono ki ngā whakatenatena motuhake. Me pātai ngā kaihoko mō ngā kaupapa pono, ngā hekenga utu rānei mō ngā hoko anō. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i ngā utu ēnei kaupapa engari ka whakapakari anō hoki i ngā whanaungatanga roa ki ngā kaiwhakarato, kia mau tonu ai te urunga atu ki ngā hua kounga.

Te pātai mō ngā utu ritenga mō ngā hononga mahi tahi mō te wā roa

Mā te whakatū hononga roa ki ngā OEM ka taea te arahi ki ngā whakaaetanga utu ritenga. Me matapaki ngā kaihoko i ngā mahi tahi pea e whai hua ai ngā taha e rua. Ko ngā whakaritenga utu ritenga he maha ngā wā ka uru atu ki ngā utu whakaheke, ngā pūtāhui whakaroa, ngā ratonga tāpiri rānei, ka waiho hei rautaki whai hua mō te whakaiti i te utu.

Ngā Tohutohu Penapena Utu Tāpiri mō ngā Rama Pūngao Rā

Te Arotau i te Tukunga me te Putunga Taonga

Te whakakotahi i ngā uta hei whakaiti i ngā utu utanga

He huarahi whai hua te whakakotahi i ngā uta hei whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga utanga ina hoko ana i ngā rama rā nui. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā ota maha ki roto i te uta kotahi, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whakaiti i ngā utu kawe. Mā tēnei huarahi ka māmā ake te whakahaere i ngā mahi kawe, nā te mea he iti ake ngā tuku ka iti ake te mahi tahi me te iti ake o ngā tūponotanga o ngā whakaroa. Mō ngā kaupapa nui, mā tēnei rautaki ka whakarite kia tohatohahia ngā rauemi me te whai hua, kia mau tonu ai te whakahaere i ngā utu katoa.

Te mahi tahi me ngā kaituku o te rohe hei whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga rokiroki

Mā te mahi tahi me ngā kaituku o te rohe ka taea te whakapai ake i ngā utu whare putunga me te rokiroki. He maha ngā wā kei ngā hoa mahi o te rohe te hanganga hei penapena me te whakahaere i ngā taonga, ā, ka kore e hiahiatia e ngā kaihoko te haumi ki ngā whare rokiroki tāpiri. Ehara i te mea ka whakaitihia ngā whakapaunga e tēnei mahi tahi engari ka tere ake te uru atu ki ngā hua ina hiahiatia. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te arotahi ki te whakahaere kaupapa me te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kaituku mō te whakahaere taonga.

Te Whakarite i ngā Ota

Te karo i ngā āhuatanga kore e hiahiatia hei whakaiti i ngā utu

Mā te whakarite i ngā ota mā te whakakore i ngā āhuatanga kāore e hiahiatia ka taea te penapena nui. Me arotake e ngā kaihoko ngā whakaritenga o ā rātou kaupapa, me te kore e whakauru i ngā āhuatanga kāore e tāpiri uara. Hei tauira, mā te whiriwhiri i ngā hoahoa māmā ake, i ngā kōwhiringa whakahaere paerewa rānei ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa me te kore e whakararu i te mahi. Mā tēnei huarahi whakarite ka whakaritehia kia whai wāhi tika ia tāra e pau ana ki te angitu o te kaupapa.

Te whiriwhiri i ngā tauira e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga kaupapa motuhake

Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā tauira rama pūngao rā e hangai ana ki ngā hiahia kaupapa motuhake ka pai ake te whai hua o te utu. Mā te whakarite i ngā pūnaha mō te mahi tino pai ka whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga katoa, ka whakapiki ake hoki i te hua. Mā te whakarerekē i ngā tikanga tāutanga mō te whai huatanga me te whiriwhiri i ngā kōwhiringa whakahaere tika ka taea te whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga pūngao rā me te pupuri tonu i ngā taumata mārama e hiahiatia ana. Mā ēnei whakarerekētanga ka whakarite kia whiwhi ngā kaihoko i te uara pai rawa atu mō ā rātou haumitanga.

• Mā te whakarite i ngā pūnaha rama pūngao rā kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia motuhake o tētahi kaupapa ka nui ake te penapena utu.
• Mā te whakarerekē i te tāutanga kia pai ai te whai huatanga ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu katoa o te kaupapa me te whakapiki ake i te hua.
• Mā te whakamahi i ngā kōwhiringa whakahaere rerekē ka taea te whakaiti i ngā hiahia mō te rā, te whakapai ake hoki i ngā taumata mārama, ka whakaiti anō i ngā utu.

Te Whakamahi i ngā Whakatenatena Taake me ngā Whakahokinga

Te rangahau i ngā kaupapa whakatenatena mō te pūngao rā ā-rohe, ā-motu rānei

Mā ngā whakatenatena tāke me ngā whakahokinga moni ka taea te penapena i ngā rama pūngao rā nui. Me rangahau e ngā kaihoko ngā kaupapa e wātea ana i ngā taumata ā-rohe, ā-motu, ā-motu rānei. He maha ngā kāwanatanga e tuku ana i ngā whakatenatena pūtea hei whakatairanga i te whakamahinga o te pūngao hou. Ka taea e ēnei kaupapa te whakakore i ngā utu tīmatanga, ka iti ake te utu mō ngā kaupapa nui mō te rama pūngao rā.

Te tono mō ngā whakahokinga moni, ngā putea rānei mō ngā kaupapa pūngao hou

Mā ngā whakahokinga moni me ngā takoha i hangaia mō ngā kaupapa pūngao hou ka taea te whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga. Me tūhura ngā kaihoko i ngā paearu whakauru me ngā tukanga tono mō ēnei kaupapa. Mā te whiwhi i tēnei tautoko pūtea, ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i ngā utu o mua, engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te hokinga mai o te haumitanga whānui. Mā ēnei penapena ka nui ake te ataahua o te rama rā mō ngā pakihi me ngā kaunihera.

Ngā Penapena mō te Wā Roa o ngā Rama Rā

Ngā Utu Pūngao kua Whakaitihia

Te whakakore i ngā whakapaunga hiko mā te whakamahi i te hiko o te rā

Ka mahi motuhake ngā rama pūngao rā i te whatunga hiko, ā, ka kore rawa e pau ngā whakapaunga hiko. Ka puta he penapena nui mō ngā pakihi me ngā kaunihera. Hei tauira:

• E tata ana ki te $1,200 te utu hiko mō ngā pūnaha rama tuku iho i roto i ngā tau e rima.
• Kua penapenahia e ngā tāone pēnei i a Las Vegas tata ki te $2 miriona ia tau mā te whakamahi i ngā rama tiriti pūngao-rā.

E whakaatu ana ēnei penapena i ngā painga pūtea o te neke ki ngā otinga hiko-rā, inā koa mō ngā kaupapa rama o waho tauine nui.

Te whakaiti i ngā pire ratonga mō ngā rama o waho

Mā te whakamahi i te pūngao hou ka whakaitihia ngā pire ratonga e ngā rama pūngao rā. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau kua whakaitihia ngā utu pūngao e ngā tāone pērā i a San Diego me Las Vegas mā te whakamahi i ngā rama tiriti pūngao rā i te 60% ki te 80%. Nā ēnei whakaitinga ka waiho te rama pūngao rā hei whiringa ōhanga mō ngā ara, ngā papa rēhia, me ētahi atu wāhi o waho. I roto i te wā, ka whai wāhi ngā utu whakahaere iti ki ngā painga pūtea nui mō ngā kaiwhakamahi.

Te Tiaki Iti rawa

He hoahoa pakari e whakaiti ana i ngā utu whakatikatika

He pakari ngā hoahoa o ngā rama pūngao rā e whakaiti ana i ngā utu whakatika. Kāore i rite ki ngā pūnaha rama tuku iho, kāore e hiahiatia he keri awa, he waea rānei, ā, ka kore e pau ngā utu tiaki noa. Hei tāpiri, ka mahi motuhake ngā rama pūngao rā mai i te hanganga whatunga, ka whakarei ake i te pono me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā rahunga pūnaha. Mā ēnei āhuatanga ka waiho hei otinga utu-pai mō te whakamahinga roa.

He roa ake te ora o te rama ki te whakataurite ki te rama tuku iho

He roa ake te roa o te mahi a ngā pūnaha rama pūngao rā, ā, ka whakaitihia ake ngā utu. Ko te tiaki auau ko te whakakapi i te pākahiko i ia rima ki te tekau tau, he iti ake te auau o tēnei tiaki i te tiaki e hiahiatia ana mō ngā rama tuku iho. Mā tēnei roa o te ora ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te penapena i ngā utu tiaki me te whakakapinga, ā, ka waiho ngā rama pūngao rā hei haumitanga whai hua mō te heke mai.

Ngā Painga Taiao me te Pūtea

Te whai wāhi atu ki ngā whāinga oranga tonutanga

Ka whai wāhi ngā rama pūngao rā ki te oranga tonutanga mā te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro me te ārai i te parahanga. Ka whakaitihia e ngā pūnaha pūngao rā i te US ngā tukunga waro mā te tata ki te 100 miriona tāne mita ia tau, he rite ki te tango i te 21 miriona waka mai i te rori. Hei tāpiri, kāore ngā rama rā e whakaputa parahanga hau, wai rānei i te wā e whakamahia ana, e whakatairanga ana i te taiao ma.

Te whakarei ake i te ingoa o te waitohu mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga e pai ana ki te taiao

Mā te whakamahi i te rama hiko o te rā ka whakanui ake i te ingoa o te waitohu mā te hono atu ki ngā uara e aro nui ana ki te taiao. Kei te piki haere te hiahia o ngā kaihoko ki ngā pakihi e whakatairanga ana i te oranga tonutanga. Ka taea e ngā whakahaere e whakamahi ana i ngā otinga hiko o te rā te whakapai ake i tō rātou ahua tūmatanui me te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga taiao. Mā tēnei painga rua ka whakapakari i tō rātou tūranga mākete, ā, ka poipoi hoki i te pono o ngā kaihoko mō te wā roa.

Te whakaiti i ngā utu mā tengā rama pūngao nuikei roto ko te whakamahere rautaki me te whakamahi i ngā whai wāhitanga maha. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whai hua mai i ngā ōhanga tauine, ngā utu taumata, me ngā mahi whakahaere kua whakangāwarihia hei whakatutuki i ngā penapena nui. Mā te whiriwhiri tahi me ngā OEM mō ngā hekenga utu, te tuku kore utu, ngā painga pono rānei ka whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o te utu. Hei tāpiri, mā te arotau i te tuku, te whakarite i ngā ota, me te whakamahi i ngā whakatenatena taake ka whai wāhi ki te whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga.

Ko ngā painga roa o te rama hiko o te rā kei tua atu i ngā penapena pūtea. Ka whakaitihia e ngā rama tiriti hiko o te rā te 1-2 tana o ngā tukunga CO2 ia tau ki te whakataurite ki ngā pūnaha tuku iho, e hangai ana ki ngā whāinga pumau. Ka whakaratohia hoki e rātou he hokinga nui ake i runga i te haumitanga mā te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki me te pūngao. Mā ēnei painga ka waiho te rama hiko hei whiringa whai hua me te pai ki te taiao mō ngā pakihi me ngā kaunihera. Mā te whakatinana i ēnei rautaki ka whakarite kia whai hua te utu me te tautoko i te kawenga taiao.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha ngā painga matua o te hoko nui i ngā rama pūngao rā?

Mā te hoko nui ka iti ake ngā utu mō ia waeine, ka iti ake ngā whakapaunga whakahaere, ā, ka taea hoki te whiwhi i ngā hekenga motuhake mō ngā kaihoko. Ka whai hua anō hoki ngā kaihoko i ngā mahi whakahaere kua whakangāwaritia me ngā hononga ngāwari ki ngā kaiwhakarato, ā, he otinga whai hua tēnei mō ngā kaupapa nui.

Me pēhea e taea ai e ngā kaihoko te whiriwhiri i ngā whakaaetanga pai ake me ngā OEM?

Me tono ngā kaihoko i ngā utu taumata-maha, me uiui mō ngā kaupapa pono, me te whiriwhiri mō ngā painga pēnei i te tuku kore utu. Mā te whakarite i ngā hoko i ngā wā iti te tono, i ngā wā whakatairanga rānei, ka āwhina anō hoki ki te whakaiti i ngā utu.

He āwhina tāke kei te wātea mō ngā hoko rama pūngao rā?

Ae, he maha ngā kāwanatanga e whakarato ana i ngā whakatenatena taake, ngā whakahokinga moni, ngā putea rānei mō ngā kaupapa pūngao whakahou. Me rangahau e ngā kaihoko ngā kaupapa ā-rohe, ā-motu, ā-motu rānei hei whakakore i ngā utu tīmatanga me te whakanui ake i ngā penapena.

He aha te whai wāhi a ngā rama pūngao rā ki ngā penapena mō te wā roa?

Ka kore e pau te hiko i ngā rama pūngao rā, ā, he iti noa iho te tiaki e hiahiatia ana nā te mea he roa te mau o ā rātou hoahoa. Ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakakapinga e te roa o te ora, ā, he kōwhiringa pumau mō te taha pūtea mō ngā rama o waho.

Ka taea te whakarite i ngā rama pūngao rā mō ngā kaupapa motuhake?

Ae, he maha ngā wā ka whakaaetia e ngā OEM te whakaritenga kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o te kaupapa. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whiriwhiri i ngā tauira me ngā āhuatanga nui, te whakarerekē i ngā tikanga tāutanga, me te whiriwhiri i ngā kōwhiringa whakahaere hei whakapai ake i te mahi me te whakaiti i ngā utu.

Tohutohu:Me whakapā atu ki ngā OEM i ngā wā katoa e pā ana ki ngā hiahia kaupapa motuhake, kia whiwhi ai i ngā otinga kua whakaritea kia nui ake ai te whai huatanga me te penapena.