Ngā Paerewa Haumaru ā-Ao mō ngā Rama Matua ka taea te Whakahoki Anō i ngā Rohe Mōrearea

Mā ngā paerewa haumaru o te ao mō ngā rama matua ka taea te whakahou i roto i ngā rohe morearea ka whakarite kia pono te mahi i roto i ngā taiao e tūpono ana ngā hau pahū, ngā puehu mura rānei. Mā ēnei paerewa, pērā i te tiwhikete ATEX/IECEx, ka whakamanahia te tutuki o ngā taputapu i ngā whakaritenga haumaru pakari, ka whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga morearea.

He nui te pānga o te piripono ki ēnei ture ki te haumaru o te wāhi mahi. Hei tauira:

1. Nā ngā tirotiro a te OSHA i whakaiti i ngā whara mā te 9% me ngā utu e pā ana ki ngā whara mā te 26% (Levine et al., 2012).
2. Nā ngā tirotiro me ngā whiu i heke ai te maha o ngā whara i ngaro i te rā mahi mā te 19% (Gray and Mendeloff, 2005).
3. I roto i ngā tau e rua o ngā tirotirohanga, i kitea he hekenga o ngā whara tae atu ki te 24% (Haviland et al., 2012).

E whakaatu ana ēnei kitenga i te tūranga nui o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga hei tiaki i ngā kaimahi me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• He mea nui te mōhio ki ngā rohe morearea hei whiriwhiri i te rama matua tika. Me whai ture haumaru motuhake ia rohe.
• E whakaatu ana ngā tiwhikete ATEX me IECEx he tino tika te whai a ngā rama matuangā ture haumaruKa whakaitihia ngā mōrearea i ngā wāhi morearea.
• Te tirotiro me te whakatika i ngā rama matuahe maha ngā wā ka noho haumaru, ka mahi pai hoki. Rapua ngā pakaru, ka whakamātauria te rama i mua i te whakamahinga.
• Kōwhiria ngā rama matua e whakamarie ana, e ngāwari ana hoki ki te whakamahi. He āwhina tēnei i a koe e mahi roa ana i ngā wāhi morearea.
• Mā te whakangungu i ngā kaimahi ki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu me te noho haumaru ka tere ake, ka haumaru ake hoki te mahi.

Ngā Rohe Mōrearea me ā rātou Whakarōpūtanga

Te Whakamāramatanga o ngā Rohe Mōrearea

Ko ngā rohe mōrearea e pā ana ki ngā wāhi ka puta ake ai ngā hau pahū nā te mea he hau mura, he kohu, he puehu, he muka rānei. Me whai tikanga haumaru tino pakari ēnei rohe hei ārai i ngā pūtake mura kia kore ai e puta he aituā kino. Ka whakamahia e ia rohe he pūnaha whakarōpūtanga motuhake hei tautuhi i ēnei wāhi.

Mā ēnei pūnaha ka whakarite kia ōrite te tautuhi me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea puta noa i ngā ahumahi.

Ngā Whakarōpūtanga Rohe (Rohe 0, Rohe 1, Rohe 2)

Ka whakarōpūtia anō ngā rohe morearea i runga i te tūponotanga me te roa o te pahūtanga o ngā hau. Kei te ripanga e whai ake nei ngā paearu mō ia rohe:

Mā ēnei whakarōpūtanga ka ārahi i te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu, pērā ingā rama matua ka taea te whakahou, hei whakarite i te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.

Ngā Ahumahi me ngā Taupānga Noa

He whānui ngā rohe morearea i roto i ngā ahumahi maha e whakahaerehia ana ngā matū mura. Ko ngā rāngai matua ko:

• Hinu me te hau
• Matū me te rongoā
• Kai me ngā inu
• Pūngao me te mana
• Te maina

I te tau 2020, tata ki te 1.8 miriona ngā kaimahi i rongoatia mō ngā whara e pā ana ki te mahi i roto i ngā ruma ohorere, e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o ngā mahi haumaru i roto i ēnei taiao. He mea nui ngā rama matua ka taea te utu anō, i hangaia mō ngā rohe morearea, ki te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea me te whakarite i te haumaru o ngā kaimahi.

Tiwhikete ATEX/IECEx me Ētahi Atu Paerewa o te Ao

Tirohanga Whānui mō te Tiwhikete ATEX

Tiwhikete ATEXMā tēnei ka whakarite kia tutuki ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hau pahū i ngā whakaritenga haumaru pakari. I ahu mai i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi, ko te ingoa o ATEX i ahu mai i te kupu Wīwī "ATmosphères EXplosibles." E pā ana tēnei tiwhikete ki ngā taputapu hiko me ngā taputapu miihini, kia kore ai e waiho hei pūtake mura i roto i ngā taiao morearea. Me whai ngā kaihanga i te ture ATEX kia hokona ai ā rātou hua ki Ūropi.

Kua whakarārangihia ngā paearu hangarau mō te tiwhikete ATEX i roto i ngā aratohu motuhake. Mā ēnei aratohu ka whakarite kia rite tonu, kia pono hoki ngā paerewa haumaru:

E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau take i ngā painga o te tiwhikete ATEX:

• I whakahoutia te tipu matū hinu ki ngā pūoko hau kua whakamanahia e ATEX Zone 1. Nā tēnei panonitanga i pai ake te kitenga wawe i ngā turuturu hau, i whakaiti i ngā aituā, ā, i roa ake te wā mahi.
• I whakakapia ngā rama tuku iho e tētahi whare rongoā ki ngā rama ātete-pahū kua whakamanahia e ATEX Zone 1. Nā tēnei whakahoutanga i whakapai ake te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga haumaru me te tirohanga, ā, i hangaia he taiao mahi haumaru ake.

E whakaatu ana ēnei tauira i te whakarei ake a te tiwhikete ATEX i te haumaru me te whai huatanga o ngā mahi i roto i ngā rohe morearea.

Ngā Paerewa IECEx me ō rātou Hiranga ā-Ao

Mā te pūnaha IECEx e whakarato he anga whakamana ā-ao mō te whakamana i ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hau pahū. Nā te International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) i whakawhanake, ka whakarite tēnei pūnaha kia tutuki ngā hua whaimana i ngā paerewa haumaru o te ao. He rerekē ki te ATEX, he mea motuhake ki tētahi rohe, mā te whakamana IECEx ka āwhina i te hokohoko ā-ao mā te whakataurite i ngā whakaritenga haumaru puta noa i ngā whenua.

He mea nui rawa ngā paerewa IECEx mō ngā kamupene o te ao whānui e mahi ana i ngā rohe kanorau. Mā te piri ki ēnei paerewa, ka taea e ngā whakahaere te whakahaere i ngā tukanga tutuki ture me te whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā tiwhikete maha. Ehara i te mea ka penapena wā noa iho tēnei huarahi engari ka whakarite hoki i ngā mahi haumaru ōrite puta noa i ngā wāhi mahi katoa.

Ko te hiranga o ngā paerewa IECEx puta noa i te ao kei roto i tōna kaha ki te whakakotahi i ngā rerekētanga ā-rohe. Hei tauira, ahakoa e whakawhirinaki ana a Ūropi ki te tiwhikete ATEX, he maha atu ngā rohe, tae atu ki Ahitereiria me Aotearoa, e whakamahi ana i ngā paerewa IECEx. Mā tēnei whakakotahitanga ka whakatairangahia te mahi tahi ā-ao, ā, ka whakarei ake i te haumaru i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hinu me te hau, te keri, me te hanga matū.

Tiwhikete UL mō te Haumaru Pūhiko

Ko te arotahi a te tiwhikete UL ki te whakarite i te haumaru me te pono o ngā pākahiko e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taiao morearea. Ko ngā rama matua ka taea te utu anō, he maha ngā wā he pākahiko lithium-ion, me tutuki i ngā paearu haumaru motuhake hei ārai i ngā mōrearea pēnei i te wera nui, te poto o te hiko, te pahūtanga rānei. Ka arohia e ngā paerewa UL ēnei āwangawanga mā te aromatawai i te mahi a te pākahiko i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.

Ka whakamatautauria ngā pākahiko kua whakamanahia e te UL kia tino kaha ai te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tino kino, te ahotea miihini, me te pānga ki ngā matū mura. He mea tino nui tēnei tiwhikete mō ngā rama matua ka taea te whakahou ake e whakamahia ana i ngā rohe morearea, ina raru pea te pākahiko i ngā hua kino.

Mā te whakakotahi i te tiwhikete UL me te tiwhikete ATEX/IECEx, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakarato i ngā whakapumautanga haumaru whānui mō ā rātou hua. Mā tēnei huarahi takirua ka whakarite kiangā rama matua ka taea te whakahouE tutuki ana i ngā paerewa haumaru hiko me te pākahiko, e pai ai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā taiao morearea nui.

Ngā rerekētanga ā-rohe o ngā paerewa haumaru

He rerekē rawa ngā paerewa haumaru mō ngā rama matua ka taea te whakahou i roto i ngā rohe morearea puta noa i ngā rohe nā te rerekētanga o ngā anga ture, ngā mahi ahumahi, me ngā āhuatanga taiao. E whakaata ana ēnei rerekētanga i ngā wero me ngā kaupapa matua motuhake o ia rohe, e pā ana ki te whakatinanatanga me te whakamana i ngā mahi haumaru.

Ngā Take Matua e Pā Ana ki ngā Rerekētanga Rohe

He maha ngā āhuatanga e whai wāhi ana ki ngā rerekētanga ā-rohe o ngā paerewa haumaru. Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā āhuatanga pūnaha, ngā āhuatanga tangata, me ngā rerekētanga ahurea. E whakaatu ana te ripanga e whai ake nei i ēnei awe:

Ko ngā rohe he kaha te tirotiro ture, pērā i a Ūropi, e aro nui ana ki te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te tiwhikete ATEX/IECEx. Mā tēnei ka tutuki i ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana i ngā rohe morearea ngā whakaritenga haumaru pakari. He rerekē, ko ētahi atu rohe ka whakatairanga pea i ngā paerewa ā-rohe e hāngai ana ki ngā hiahia ahumahi motuhake, ki ngā āhuatanga taiao rānei.

Ngā Tauira o ngā Paerewa ā-Rohe

1. ŪropiE whakahau ana te Kotahitanga o Ūropi kia whiwhi tiwhikete ATEX mō ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hau pahū. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia ōrite ngā mahi haumaru puta noa i ngā whenua mema, ka whakatairanga i te taumata tiketike o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.
2. Amerika ki te RakiE whakawhirinaki ana te Hononga o Amerika me Kānata ki ngā paerewa NEC me CEC, e whakarōpū ana i ngā rohe morearea i tētahi atu momo mai i te pūnaha Pākehā. E arotahi ana ēnei paerewa ki ngā whakaritenga taipitopito mō te haumaru hiko.
3. Āhia-Moananui-a-KiwaHe maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā whenua o tēnei rohe he ranunga o ngā paerewa o te ao, pērā i te IECEx, me ngā ture ā-rohe. Hei tauira, ko Ahitereiria me Aotearoa e hono tata ana ki ngā paerewa IECEx, ko ngā whenua o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti ka whakauru pea i ngā aratohu tāpiri hei whakatika i ngā wero ā-rohe.

Ngā Pānga ki ngā Kaihanga me ngā Kaiwhakamahi

Me aro atu ngā kaihanga e whai ana ki te hoko rama hiko ka taea te whakahou puta noa i te ao ki ēnei rerekētanga ā-rohe. Mā te piri ki ngā tiwhikete maha, pērā i te tiwhikete ATEX/IECEx me ngā paerewa UL, ka tutuki i ngā hua ngā whakaritenga haumaru kanorau o ngā mākete rerekē. Ki ngā kaiwhakamahi, he mea nui te mārama ki ēnei rerekētanga mō te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu e tutuki ana i ngā ture ā-rohe, ā, e whakarato ana i te haumaru tino pai i roto i ngā rohe morearea.

TohutohuMe whai whakaaro ngā kamupene e mahi ana i ngā rohe maha ki te tango i ngā tiwhikete e mōhiotia ana puta noa i te ao pēnei i te IECEx hei whakahaere i ngā whakaritenga ture me te whakarei ake i te haumaru puta noa i ngā papa mahi katoa.

Mā te mōhio me te aro atu ki ngā rerekētanga ā-rohe o ngā paerewa haumaru, ka taea e ngā ahumahi te whakarite kia pumau tonu te tiakitanga mō ngā kaimahi me ngā taputapu, ahakoa te wāhi.

Ngā Whakaritenga Hangarau mō ngā Rama Matua Ka taea te Whakahoki Anō

Te Pakari o ngā Rauemi me te Hoahoa Ārai-Pahūtanga

Me whakaatu ngā rama upoko ka taea te utu anō i hangaia mō ngā rohe morearea i te pakari o ngā rauemi me ngā āheinga ātete pahū. Mā ēnei āhuatanga ka taea e ngā taputapu te tu atu ki ngā āhuatanga tino kino me te ārai i ngā mōrearea mura i roto i ngā taiao mura. Ka tukuna e ngā kaihanga ngā rama upoko ki ngā whakaritenga.whakamātautau pakarihei whakamana i tā rātou mahi me te pono.

• Ngā whakamātautau ātete-pahūtangawhakaūtia kei te ārai te hoahoa o te rama matua i ngā korakora, i te wera rānei kei mura ai ngā hau mura.
• Ngā whakamātautau tiaki urungaaromatawai i ngā āhuatanga ā-wai me te ā-pūngao, me te tiaki i ngā wāhanga o roto i ngā taiao uaua.
• Ngā whakamātautau ātete waikuraaromatawaihia te kaha o te rama matua ki te tu atu i te rehu tote, kia roa ai te mahi a ngā umanga moana, matū rānei.
• Ngā whakamātautau ātete wirite whakatauira i ngā wiri whakahaere hei manatoko i te pumau me te pono o te taputapu.
• Ngā whakamātautau urutau pāmahanakia tika te mahi a te rama o mua i te wera nui, i te makariri rānei, kia kore ai e ngenge ngā rauemi.

Mā ēnei whakamātautau, me ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te tiwhikete ATEX/IECEx, ka oati ka tutuki ngā rama matua i ngā paerewa haumaru o te ao. He mea nui tēnei taumata pakari me te hoahoa ātete-pahūtanga mōngā ahumahi pēnei i te hinu me te hau, te maina, me te hanga matū, kāore e taea te whakararu i te haumaru.

Te Haumaru me te Whakatutukitanga o te Pūhiko

Me tutuki i ngā pākahiko e whakakaha ana i ngā rama matua ka taea te whakahou ake ngā paerewa haumaru me te tutuki i ngā ture kia kore ai e tūpono he tūponotanga mōrearea. Ko ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ēnei taputapu, ka whakamatautauria kia taea ai te mahi haumaru i roto i ngā rohe morearea.

Ko ngā mahi haumaru matua ko:

• He parenga mai i te wera nui, ka arahi pea ki te rerenga wera, ki ngā pahūtanga rānei.
• Te ārai i ngā ara iahiko poto mā roto i ngā hoahoa ā-roto pakari.
• Ātete ki te ahotea ā-mīhini, kia mau tonu ai te pākahiko i te wā e taka ana, e pāngia ana rānei.
• Hototahi ki ngā pāmahana tino kino, e pupuri ana i te mahi me te kore e whakararu i te haumaru.

He mea nui te tiwhikete UL ki te manatoko i te haumaru o te pākahiko. Mā tēnei tiwhikete ka tutuki i ngā pākahiko ngā paerewa o te ao mō te pono me te mahi. Ina honoa ki te tiwhikete ATEX/IECEx, ka whakaratohia he whakapumautanga whānui kei te haumaru te rama matua mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā taiao morearea.

Putanga Mārama me te Mahi Hiko

He mea nui te māramatanga whai hua mō ngā kaimahi e mahi ana i ngā rohe morearea. Me tuku e ngā rama matua ka taea te utu anō te whakaputa mārama ōrite me te mahi hihi tino pai hei whakapai ake i te tirohanga me te haumaru.

Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, ka arotahi ngā kaihanga ki ētahi āhuatanga:

• Ngā taumata kanapame rawaka hei whakamārama i ngā wāhi pōuri, ngā wāhi kuiti rānei, me te kore e kanapa.
• Te tawhiti me te whānui o te hihime mārama te tirohanga o te taiao, kia taea ai e ngā kaimahi te tautuhi i ngā tūponotanga mōrearea.
• Te roa o te putanga o te māramakia mau tonu te mahi a te rama matua puta noa i ngā huringa mahi roa.
• Ngā tautuhinga whakarerekētangaā, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whakarite i te kaha o te mārama me te arotahi o te hihi i runga i ngā mahi motuhake.

Mā ngā whakamātautau mahi whatu ka whakamanahia ēnei āhuatanga, kia mōhio ai ka tutuki te rama matua i ngā paerewa ahumahi mō te kanapa me te kounga o te hihi. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake ngā rama matua mahi teitei i te whai huatanga o te mahi engari ka whakaitihia hoki te mōrearea o ngā aituā i ngā rohe morearea.

Ngā whakatauranga IP me te tiaki taiao

Me tu atu ngā rama matua ka taea te utu anō e whakamahia ana i ngā rohe morearea ki ngā āhuatanga taiao uaua. Ngā whakatauranga IP, rāneiNgā whakatauranga Parenga Whakauru, he mahi nui tā rātou ki te whakatau i te kaha o te taputapu ki te ātete i te puehu, te wai, me ētahi atu āhuatanga o waho. Ko ēnei whakatauranga, i whakatūria e te International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), e whakarato ana i tētahi mehua tiaki paerewa.

Te Mārama ki ngā Whakatauranga IP

E rua ngā mati o ngā whakatauranga IP. Ko te mati tuatahi e tohu ana i te tiakitanga mai i ngā matūriki totoka, ko te mati tuarua e tohu ana i te ātete ki ngā wai. Ko ngā tau teitei ake e tohu ana i te tiakitanga nui ake. Hei tauira:

Mā ēnei whakatauranga ka noho tonu te mahi a ngā rama matua i roto i ngā taiao e pāngia ai te mahi a ngā rama matua e te puehu, te makuku, te wai rānei.

Te Hiranga o ngā Whakatauranga IP i ngā Rohe Mōrearea

He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā taputapu e ngā āhuatanga tino kino i ngā rohe morearea. Me tutuki i ngā rama matua ka taea te utu anō ngā whakatauranga IP motuhake hei whakarite i te pono me te haumaru. Ko ngā painga matua ko:

• Ātete ki te puehuĀrai i ngā matūriki kei uru ki roto i te pūrere, ka raru pea te mahi hē, ka mura rānei.
• Te ārai waiKa tiaki i ngā wāhanga o roto mai i te makuku, kia mau tonu ai te mahi i ngā taiao mākū.
• Te pakari: Ka roa ake te roa o te ora o te rama o mua, ka whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki me te wā kore mahi.

TohutohuI te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te rama matua mō ngā rohe morearea, me whiriwhiri ngā tauira he IP67, he teitei ake rānei ngā whakatauranga mō te tiakitanga tino pai.

Te Whakamātautau me te Tiwhikete mō te Tiaki Taiao

Ka whakamātauhia ngā rama matua e ngā kaihanga hei whakamana i ā rātou whakatauranga IP. Ka whakatauirahia e ēnei whakamātautau ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūturu hei whakarite kia pono te mahi a te taputapu. Ko ngā tikanga noa ko:

• Ngā Whakamātautau Rūma PuehuArotakehia te kaha o te rama matua ki te ātete i ngā matūriki angiangi.
• Ngā Whakamātautau Rehu WaiArotakehia te parenga mai i ngā pupuhi wai pēhanga teitei.
• Ngā Whakamātautau RukuManatokohia te mahi i raro i te roanga o te wā e noho ana ki te wai.

Ko ngā taputapu e paahitia ana e ēnei whakamātautau ka whiwhi tiwhikete, pērā i te ATEX, i te IECEx rānei, hei whakaū i tō rātou pai mō ngā rohe morearea.

Ngā Whakaaro Motuhake mō te Taupānga

He rerekē ngā taumata tiaki taiao e hiahiatia ana mō ngā ahumahi rerekē. Hei tauira:

• Hinu me te HauMe ātete ngā rama matua ki te puehu me te wai i te wā e keri ana.
• Te mainaMe tu atu ngā taputapu ki te rumakina ki roto i ngā kauhanga kī tonu i te wai.
• Te Hanga MatūMe noho tonu ngā taputapu ki te mahi i roto i ngā taiao e whai matū waikura ana.

Mā te whiriwhiri i te rama upoko tika kua whakatauria ki te IP ka whakarite i te haumaru me te whai huatanga i roto i ēnei mahi uaua.

TuhipokaKāore ngā whakatauranga IP anake e kī taurangi i ngā āheinga ātete-pahū. Me manatoko tonu te tiwhikete ATEX, IECEx rānei mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te rohe morearea.

Mā te mārama ki ngā whakatauranga IP me tō rātou tūranga i roto i te tiaki taiao, ka taea e ngā umanga te whakatau whai whakaaro i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā rama matua ka taea te whakahou. Mā tēnei ka whakarite i te haumaru o ngā kaimahi me te pono o ngā taputapu i roto i ngā taiao morearea nui.

Te Kōwhiri i te Rama Matua e Tika Ana te Whakahoki

Te Whakataurite i ngā Āhuatanga o te Rama Matua ki ngā Whakarōpūtanga o te Rohe Mōrearea

Ko te whiriwhiri i te rama matua tika ka taea te whakahou ka tīmata mā te mārama ki te mea motuhakete whakarōpūtanga rohe moreareate wāhi e whakamahia ai. Me whai taputapu me ngā āhuatanga haumaru kua whakaritea mō ia rohe—Rohe 0, Rohe 1, Rohe 2 rānei—hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea. Hei tauira, me whai rama upoko me te taumata teitei o te hoahoa ātete-pahūtanga mō ngā taiao Rohe 0, nā te mea kei te noho tonu ngā hau pahūtanga. He rerekē, ka aro nui pea ngā rama upoko Rohe 2 ki te roa me te tiaki taiao, nā te mea he iti ake te tūponotanga o te hau pahūtanga.

Mā te tātari whakatairite i ngā rama matua ka taea te whakahou me ngā rama pākahiko ka taea te ārahi i te whakatau kaupapa:

E whakaatu ana tēnei ripanga i te pānga o ngā hiahia whakahaere me ngā āhuatanga taiao ki te kōwhiringa o ngā āhuatanga o te rama mua.

Te Aromatawai i te Tiwhikete me te Whakatutukitanga o ATEX/IECEx

He mea nui te tiwhikete ATEX/IECEx ki te whakarite i te haumaru o ngā rama matua ka taea te whakahou i roto i ngā rohe morearea. Mā ēnei tiwhikete ka whakaūtia kua arotakehia motuhake ngā taputapu kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa haumaru tino pakari. Hei tauira, e whakamārama ana te ATEX Directive i ngā whakaritenga hauora me te haumaru nui mō ngā hua e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hau pahū. Ko te tutuki i ēnei paerewa ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i te haumaru engari ka whakarato hoki i te whakaaro o te tutuki, ka whakangawari ake i ngā tukanga whakaae ture.

Mō ngā ahumahi e mahi ana i ngā rohe morearea, mā te whiriwhiri i ngā rama matua me te tiwhikete ATEX/IECEx ka kore e puta he mōrearea atu i roto i ngā taputapu. He mea tino nui tēnei tiwhikete i roto i ngā taiao pēnei i ngā tipu matū, i ngā whare hanga hinu rānei, ka taea e ngā pūtake mura iti te arahi ki ngā aituā kino.

Ngā Whakaaro Motuhake mō te Taupānga (Te Kanapa, Te Wā Whakahaere, me ētahi atu)

Ko ngā whakaritenga whakahaere o tētahi rohe morearea te nuinga o te wā e whakatau ana i ngā āhuatanga motuhake e hiahiatia ana i roto i tētahi rama matua ka taea te whakahou. Hei tauira, me taurite ngā taumata kanapa i waenga i te whakarato i te māramatanga e tika ana me te karo i te kanapa e whakararuraru ana i te tirohanga. Ko te roa o te mahi tētahi atu mea nui, inā koa mō ngā kaimahi i ngā wāhi tawhiti, i ngā wā mahi roa rānei. Ko ngā rama matua me ngā tautuhinga kanapa ka taea te whakarerekē me ngā pākahiko roa ka nui ake te ngāwari me te pono.

E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau take i te whanaketanga o ngā āhuatanga o te rama matua hei whakatutuki i ēnei tono. Hei tauira, ko te whakawhiti mai i ngā paerewa MIL-STD-810F ki te MIL-STD-810G i whakapai ake i te roa me te haumaru mō ngā mahi keri maina. Mā ēnei whanaketanga ka whakarite kia pono te mahi a ngā rama matua puta noa i ngā taiao morearea, ka tiakina ngā kaimahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi tino kino.

TohutohuI te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi rama matua, me whakarite kia rite ki ngā mahi me ngā wero taiao o te rohe morearea.

He hoahoa ergonomic, he hoahoa ngāwari hoki ki te whakamahi

Me aro nui ngā rama matua ka taea te utu anō i hangaia mō ngā rohe morearea ki te ergonomics me te ngāwari ki te whakamahi kia pai ai te haumaru me te whai hua o ngā kaimahi. Ka taea e ngā taputapu kāore i te pai te hoahoa te arahi ki te taumahatanga tinana, te hekenga o te hua, me te pikinga ake o te mōrearea o te hapa a te kaiwhakahaere. Ka aro atu ngā kaihanga ki ēnei wero mā te whakauru i ngā āhuatanga e whakarei ake ana i te whakamarie, te whakamahinga, me te mahi.

Ko ngā whakaaro matua mō te ergonomic ko te whakaiti i te taumahatanga tinana mā roto i ngā hoahoa mama me te kiato. He maha ngā wā ka mau ngā kaimahi i ngā rama upoko mō ngā wā roa, ā, he mea nui te tohatoha taumaha. Mā ngā whitiki whakarerekē ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whakarite i te taunga, kia pai ai te noho o ngā upoko me ngā momo potae. Ka whakarei ake te whakamahinga o te ringaringa kore, ka taea ai e ngā kaimahi te arotahi ki ngā mahi me te kore e whakararuraru.

He maha ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga hei whakapai ake i te wheako whānui mō ngā kaiwhakahaere:

• Mā ngā mana whakahaere ngāwari ka māmā ake te mahi, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā hapa i roto i ngā taiao pēhanga teitei.
• Mā ngā tautuhinga whakaitiiti ka taea te whakarerekē, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whakarerekē i ngā taumata kanapa i runga i ngā mahi motuhake, i ngā āhuatanga rama rānei.
• Mā te roa o te ora o te pākahiko ka kore e mutu te mahi i ngā wā roa o te huringa mahi, inā koa i ngā wāhi tūmatanui.

Ka pā anō hoki te huarahi e taunekeneke ai ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā taputapu ki tōna whai huatanga. Mā ngā tohutohu mārama me ngā whakaaturanga ngāwari ki te pānui ka māmā ake te uru atu ki ngā rama matua, ahakoa mō te hunga hou ki te whakamahi. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake i te haumaru anake ēnei āhuatanga engari ka whakapiki ake hoki i te hua mā te whakaiti i te wā kore mahi i puta mai i te pōhēhētanga, i te whakamahinga hē rānei.

Ka whakamanahia ēnei mātāpono hoahoa e ngā rangahau ergonomic. E whakaatu ana i te hiranga o te whakaiti i te taumahatanga tinana, te arotau i te taumaha me te rahi, me te whakarite kia ngāwari te whakamahi. Mā te whakauru i ēnei huānga, ka hangaia e ngā kaihanga ngā rama matua e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga uaua o ngā rohe morearea, me te whakatairanga anō hoki i te oranga o ngā kaimahi.

TohutohuI te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi rama matua, whakaarohia ngā tauira me ngā whitiki whakarerekē, te hanganga māmā, me ngā mana whakahaere māmā. Ka whakarei ake ēnei āhuatanga i te whakamarie me te whakamahinga, ka whakarite kia pono te mahi i roto i ngā taiao wero.

Te Tiaki me ngā Tikanga Pai rawa atu

Ngā Tikanga Tirotiro me te Whakamātautau Auau

He mea nui te tirotiro me te whakamātautau i ngā rama matua e taea te whakahou hei whakarite i tōna pono i ngā wāhi morearea. Me tirotiro e ngā kaimahi te anga rama matua mō ngā pakaru, ngā tohu rānei o te pakaru ka whakararu i tōna hoahoa ātete-pahū. Me noho hiri tonu ngā wāhanga pākahiko, ā, me kore he waikura hei ārai i ngā hapa pea.Te whakamātautau i te putanga o te māramai mua i ia whakamahinga ka whakarite i te mahi pumau, ā, ka tautuhia hoki ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te kanapa, ki te whakaritenga rānei o te hihi.

Me whakatū e ngā whakahaere he kaupapa mōwhakamātautau ā-wāi raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi whakatauira. Mā tēnei mahi ka taea te whakamana kei te tutuki te rama matua i ngā paerewa haumaru, ā, he pono hoki tana mahi i roto i ngā horopaki o te ao tūturu. Mā te tuhi i ngā hua tirotiro ka taea e ngā tīma te whai i ngā tauira kakahu me te aro atu ki ngā take e puta tonu mai ana.

TohutohuMā te tuku i te kawenga mō ngā tirotiro ki ngā kaimahi kua whakangungua ka whakarite kia oti pai ngā aromatawai, ā, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te tirotiro.

Ngā Aratohu Horoi me te Rokiroki

Mā te horoi tika me te penapena ka roa ake te ora o ngā rama matua ka taea te whakahou, me te pupuri tonu i ō rātou āhuatanga haumaru. I mua i te horoinga, me whakaweto e ngā kaiwhakamahi te taputapu ka tango i ngā pākahiko hei karo i ngā tūponotanga hiko. Mā te kakahu ngohengohe me te hopi ngawari ka tangohia te paru me te paru mai i te anga. Me tirotirohia ngā pito pākahiko me ngā hiri i te wā e horoi ana kia mau tonu ai, kia mahi tonu ai.

He mea nui ngā āhuatanga rokiroki hei tiaki i te kounga o te rama matua. Me pupuri ngā taputapu ki te wāhi hauhautanga, maroke, kia matara atu i te rā tika, i ngā pāmahana tino kino rānei. Mā te whakamahi i ngā pouaka tiaki ka ārai i ngā kino i te wā e rongoatia ana, e kawehia ana rānei.

TuhipokaKaua e whakamahi i ngā matū kaha, i ngā mea whakakoi rānei i te wā e horoi ana, nā te mea ka taea e ēnei te whakaiti i ngā paninga tiaki o te rama matua.

Te Tiaki me te Whakakapinga Pūhiko

He mea nui te tiaki i ngā pākahiko o ngā rama matua ka taea te whakahou kia mau tonu ai te mahi i roto i ngā taiao morearea. Me whakawhirinaki ngā kaiwhakamahi ki ngā rihi kua whakaaetia e te kaihanga hei ārai i te nui rawa o te utu, te wera rawa rānei. Kaua ngā pākahiko e tukua kia mimiti katoa, nā te mea ka taea e tēnei te whakaiti i te roa o te ora. Mā te penapena i ngā pākahiko ki te wāhi hauhautanga, maroke ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te kino o te wera.

Mā te āheinga ki te whakakapi i ngā pākahiko ka ngāwari ake te whakapakari i te pono o ngā rama matua. Hei tauira, mā te rama matua Nightcore HA23UHE ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whakawhiti i ngā pākahiko AAA me te kore he uaua. Mā tēnei āhuatanga ka taea te mahi tonu i ngā wā roa, i ngā mahi o waho rānei, ka whakamama i ngā āwangawanga mō te roa o te pākahiko me ngā hiahia whakahou.

TohutohuTirohia ngā pākahiko i ia wā, i ia wā, mō ngā tohu o te pupuhi, o te turuturu rānei, ā, whakakapia tonutia kia kore ai e tūpono he tūponotanga mōrearea.

Mā te whai i ēnei tikanga pai rawa atu, ka taea e ngā umanga te whakanui ake i te haumaru, te pono, me te roa o te ora o ngā rama upoko ka taea te whakahou ake i roto i ngā rohe morearea.

Te whakangungu mō te whakamahinga haumaru me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga

Mā te whakangungu tika ka taea e ngā kaimahi te whakamahi haumaru i ngā rama matua ka taea te whakahou, ā, ka tutuki hoki i ngā paerewa haumaru o te ao. Me whakatairanga ngā whakahaere e mahi ana i ngā rohe morearea i te mātauranga hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea me te whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi.

Ngā Wāhanga Matua o ngā Kaupapa Whakangungu

Me aro ngā kaupapa whakangungu whai hua ki ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei:

• Te Mārama ki ngā Rohe MōreareaMe ako ngā kaimahi i ngā whakarōpūtanga o ngā rohe morearea (Rohe 0, Rohe 1, Rohe 2) me ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki ia rohe.
• Te Whakamōhiotanga ki ngā TaputapuMe uru ki ngā whakangungu ngā wā mahi ā-ringa hei whakamōhio i ngā kaimahi ki ngā āhuatanga o te rama o mua, tae atu ki ngā tautuhinga kanapa, te whakakapinga pākahiko, me ngā whakatauranga IP.
• Ngā Tikanga HaumaruMe mārama ngā kaimahi ki ngā tikanga mō te tirotiro, te horoi, me te penapena i ngā rama matua kia mau tonu ai te hoahoa ātete-pahū.

TohutohuWhakaurua ngā āwhina tirohanga me ngā whakaaturanga taunekeneke hei whakapai ake i te maumahara me te whai wāhi atu i ngā wā whakangungu.

Ngā Painga o te Whakangungu Auau

He maha ngā painga o ngā kaupapa whakangungu:

1. Haumaru Whakarei akeKa whiwhi ngā kaimahi i te mātauranga hei tautuhi i ngā tūponotanga mōrearea me te whakamahi tika i ngā taputapu.
2. Whakapūmautanga WhakatutukitangaMā te whakangungu tika ka tutuki ngā paerewa ATEX/IECEx, ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o ngā takahi ture.
3. Te Whai Hua o te WhakahaereKa taea e ngā kaimahi mātau te whakatau i ngā raruraru nohinohi, me te whakaiti i te wā kore mahi me ngā utu tiaki.

Ngā Tikanga Tuku Whakangungu

Ka taea e ngā whakahaere te whakamahi i ngā tikanga maha hei whakarato whakangungu:

• Ngā Awheawhe i te PapaMā ngā wā mahi e whakahaerehia ana i ngā rohe morearea ka puta he wheako o te ao tūturu.
• Ngā Kōwae Ako-IpurangiKa tukuna e ngā akoranga ipurangi he ngāwari me te tauine mō ngā tīma nui.
• Ngā Kaupapa TiwhiketeMā te mahi tahi me ngā whakahaere ahumahi ka whakarite kia whiwhi ngā kaimahi i ngā whakangungu whaimana e hangai ana ki ngā paerewa o te ao.

TuhipokaMā ngā akoranga whakahou auau ka āwhina i ngā kaimahi kia mau tonu te mōhio ki ngā paerewa haumaru me ngā whanaketanga o ngā taputapu.

Tauira Ahumahi

I roto i te rāngai hinu me te hau, i whakatinanahia e tētahi kamupene ngā whakangungu ā-hauwhā e aro ana ki ngā taputapu kua whakamanahia e ATEX. Nā tēnei kaupapa i whakaiti i ngā aituā e pā ana ki ngā taputapu mā te 35%, ā, i whakapai ake i te whakapono o ngā kaimahi ki te whakahaere i ngā wero o ngā rohe morearea.

Mā te haumi ki ngā kaupapa whakangungu whānui, ka taea e ngā whakahaere te whakarite i te whakamahinga haumaru me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, me te tiaki i ngā kaimahi me ngā taputapu i roto i ngā taiao morearea nui.

He mea nui ngā paerewa haumaru o te ao mō ngā rama matua ka taea te whakahou i roto i ngā rohe morearea ki te tiaki i ngā kaimahi me te whakarite i te whai huatanga o te mahi. E whakamanahia ana e ngā tiwhikete pēnei i a ATEX me IECEx te tutuki o ngā taputapu i ngā whakaritenga haumaru pakari, e whakaiti ana i ngā mōrearea i roto i ngā taiao morearea nui.

WhakamaumaharaMā te kōwhiri matatau i ngā rama matua me ngā tiwhikete tika, me te pupuri tonu i aua rama mā roto i ngā tirotiro auau, ka whakarite kia pono, kia tutuki hoki ngā whakaritenga mō te wā roa.

Mā te whakatairanga i te haumaru me te piri ki ēnei paerewa, ka taea e ngā ahumahi te waihanga i ngā wāhi mahi haumaru ake me te whakarei ake i te hua me te whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga mōrearea.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā tiwhikete ATEX me IECEx?

E pā ana te tiwhikete ATEX ki te Kotahitanga o Ūropi, ā, e whakarato ana a IECEx i tētahi anga e mōhiotia ana e te ao mō te haumaru i roto i te hau pahū. E whakarite ana ngā mea e rua kia tutuki ngā taputapu i ngā paerewa haumaru pakari, engari e āwhina ana a IECEx i te hokohoko o te ao mā te whakataurite i ngā whakaritenga puta noa i ngā rohe.

Kia pēhea te auau o te tirotiro i ngā rama matua e taea te whakahou?

Me tirotirohia ngā rama matua ka taea te utu anō i mua i ia whakamahinga, ā, me whakamātautau i ia wā i raro i ngā tikanga mahi whakatauira. Me whakarite kia tutuki tonu te taputapu i ngā paerewa haumaru, ā, kia pono hoki tana mahi i roto i ngā rohe morearea.

Ka taea te whakamahi i te rama matua he IP67 te whakatauranga i te Rohe 0?

Kāo, ko te whakatauranga IP67 e tohu ana i te tiakitanga mai i te puehu me te wai. Ko ngā taiao Rohe 0 me whai rama matua me te tiwhikete ATEX, IECEx rānei hei whakarite i ngā āheinga ātete pahūtanga i ngā wāhi e mau tonu ana te hau pahūtanga.

He aha te hiranga o te tiwhikete UL mō ngā rama matua ka taea te whakahou?

Mā te tiwhikete UL ka whakarite te haumaru me te pono o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rama o mua. Ka manatokohia e ia ka taea e ngā pākahiko te tu atu i ngā āhuatanga tino kino, ka ārai i ngā mōrearea pēnei i te wera nui, te poto rānei o te hiko i roto i ngā rohe morearea.

He aha ngā āhuatanga me aro nui ngā kaimahi i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te rama matua?

Me aro nui ngā kaimahi ki te tiwhikete ātete-pahū (ATEX/IECEx), ngā taumata kanapa e tika ana, te roa o te ora o te pākahiko, me ngā hoahoa ergonomic. Mā ēnei āhuatanga ka noho haumaru, ka noho whakamarie, ka noho pono hoki i roto i ngā taiao morearea.

TohutohuKia pai ai te haumaru, me whakataurite tonu ngā āhuatanga o te rama matua ki te whakarōpūtanga rohe morearea.