Ngā Rama Matua Ārai-Pahūtanga mō te Keri: Aratohu Tiwhikete ATEX (Paerewa o Ūropi)

Ko te tiwhikete ATEX he paerewa haumaru tino pakari mō ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taiao ka taea te pahū. Ko ngā mahi keri e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā rama matua ātete-pahū hei ārai i te mura o ngā hau kino, te puehu rānei. Ka whakaratohia e te ture ATEX he whakapumautanga ture, ā, ka tiakina hoki ngā kaimahi mā te whakarite kia tutuki i ia rama matua kua whakamanahia ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau me te hoahoa tino pakari. Ko ngā kamupene e whakatairanga ana i ngā otinga rama kua whakamanahia ka whakaiti i te mōrearea, ā, ka pupuri i ngā paerewa ture.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Mā te tiwhikete ATEX ka whakarite kia haumaru te whakamahi i ngā rama matua o te maina i roto i ngā taiao pahū mā te ārai i ngā mura me te wera ka puta ai ngā pahūtanga.
• Me whiriwhiri e ngā kamupene maina ngā rama upoko e ōrite ana ki te whakarōpūtanga rohe morearea hei tiaki i ngā kaimahi me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga ture.
• Kei ngā rama mua kua whaimana ngā tohu CE me te Ex, e whakaatu ana i paahitia e rātou ngā whakamātautau haumaru tino pakari, ā, e tutuki ana hoki i ngā paerewa o Ūropi.
• Mā te tirotiro, te tiaki, me te whakamahi i ngā wāhanga whakakapinga whaimana i ia wā, ka noho pono tonu ngā rama o mua, ā, ka tutuki hoki ngā whakaritenga ATEX.
• Te whakangungu i ngā kaimainate whakamahi haumaru i te rama matuame te mōhio ki ngā tūponotanga ka hanga he ahurea haumaru kaha, ka whakaiti hoki i ngā mōrearea aituā i raro i te whenua.

Tiwhikete ATEX me te Keri Rama Matua Ārai-Pahūtanga

Te Whakamāramatanga me te Kaupapa o te Tiwhikete ATEX

Ko te tiwhikete ATEX he whakaritenga ture me te hangarau mō ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taiao pahū pea i roto i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. E whakahau ana te ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU me tutuki i ngā taputapu me ngā pūnaha tiaki katoa e hangaia ana mō ēnei āhuarangi ngā paerewa hauora me te haumaru tino pakari i mua i te urunga atu ki te mākete o te EU. Me tuku e ngā kaihanga ā rātou hua kia whakamatautauria e tētahi rōpū whakamōhiotia. I muri i te whiwhinga i ēnei whakamātautau ka taea e ngā taputapu te whiwhi i te tohu 'Ex', e tohu ana i tōna pai mō ngā āhuarangi pahū. Me whai tuhinga hangarau hoki te tukanga tiwhikete, te tātari mōrearea, me te whakapuakitanga o te tutuki. Mā ēnei mahi ka whakarite kia whai mana ia hua kua whakamanahia, tae atu kite keri rama matua ātete-pahūtanga, ka taea te mahi haumaru i ngā wāhi morearea. Ka whakataurite te aratohu i ngā tikanga tutuki puta noa i te EU, e tautoko ana i te haumaru me te nekehanga noa o ngā taonga.

Tuhipoka:Kāore te tiwhikete ATEX i te mea whiriwhiri mā ngā kaihanga me ngā kaiwhakarato. He herenga ture tēnei e aro ana ki te ārai i ngā aituā me te tiaki i ngā kaimahi i roto i ngā ahumahi e pāngia ana e ngā mōrearea pahūtanga.

He aha te Hiranga o te Tiwhikete ATEX mō ngā Rama Matua o te Keri

He tūponotanga motuhake kei roto i ngā taiao keri, tae atu ki te hau methane, te puehu waro, me ngā matū pūngāwerewere. Ka taea e ēnei matū te hanga i ngā āhuarangi pahū, ā, he mea nui ngā taputapu haumaru. He maha ngā whāinga nui o te tiwhikete ATEX mō te keri rama matua ātete-pahū:

• Ka ārai i ngā pūtake mura i roto i ngā hau pahū mā te whakarite kia whakakorea e te hoahoa taputapu ngā korakora, ngā mura, te wera nui rānei.
• Ka tiaki i ngā kaimahi me te taiao mā te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā pahūtanga i puta mai i ngā hau me te puehu kino.
• Me whakamātau pakari, pērā i te ātete ki te pāmahana me te pehi mura, hei whakaū i te haumaru o te whakamahinga i ngā rohe morearea.
• E whakaatu ana i te whakapau kaha a te kamupene ki te whakahaere haumaru me te tiaki i te ora me ngā rawa o te tangata.
• Ka whakarei ake i te pono o te mahi mā te whakarite kia tū pakari ngā taputapu i ngā āhuatanga kino o te keri maina, ka whakaiti i te wā kore mahi me ngā utu tiaki.
• Ka whakapiki i te whakapono o ngā kaimahi me ngā kaipupuri hea mā te whakaatu i te whakapau kaha ki te haumaru me te kounga.

Mā te tiwhikete ATEX ka whakaitihia ngā mōrearea pahūtanga i roto i te keri whenua. Ka tino tutuki ngā taputapu i ngā tohutohu a te EU, e whakarōpū ana i ngā rohe morearea, ā, me whai paerewa haumaru kua whakaritea. Hei tauira, ko ngā aituā keri tawhito, pērā i te Aituā Maina Monongah, e whakaatu ana i ngā mōrearea o ngā taputapu kāore i tiakina. Mā te keri rama matua ātete-pahūtanga kua whakamanahia ka āwhina i te aukati i ngā aituā rite mā te whakakore i ngā pūtake mura me te whakarite i te mahi pono i roto i ngā taiao nui te methane me te puehu. Kei roto i te tukanga tiwhikete te whakaū kounga tonu, ngā herenga akomanga pāmahana, me te tohu mārama mō ngā taiao hau me te puehu. Mā ēnei mahi ka oati ka mahi haumaru ngā rama matua me ētahi atu taputapu keri, ka tiaki i ngā kaimahi me ngā rawa.

Ngā Aratohu me ngā Whakaritenga Ture a ATEX

Ngā Aratohu Matua a ATEX mō ngā Taputapu Keri

Me tutuki ngā mahi keri i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi i ngā aratohu matua e rua a ATEX hei whakarite i te haumaru i roto i ngā hau pahū.

• Aratohu 2014/34/EU (Aratohu Taputapu ATEX):Ko tēnei aratohu e whakahaere ana i te hoahoa, te hanga, me te tiwhikete o ngā taputapu hei whakamahi i roto i ngā taiao pahū. E pā tika ana ki ngā rama matua keri, ā, e hiahiatia ana kia aromatawaihia te hanganga ture, kia tohua te tohu CE, me te whakarōpūtanga ki ngā rōpū taputapu me ngā kāwai motuhake.
• Aratohu 1999/92/EC (Aratohu Wāhi Mahi ATEX):Ko te arotahi o tēnei aratohu ko te haumaru o ngā kaimahi. E hiahiatia ana kia whakahaerehia e ngā kaitukumahi ngā aromatawai mōrearea, kia whakatinanahia ngā mahi tiaki, me te whakarato whakangungu. Me whakarite hoki e ngā kaitukumahi ngā Tuhinga Tiaki Pahūtanga hei whakaatu i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.

Ki te kore e tutuki i ēnei tohutohu, ka pāngia pea ngā kamupene keri e ngā whiu, ngā aukati mahi, me te kino o te ingoa pai. Mā te kore e tutuki i ngā ture ka piki ake te tūponotanga o ngā aituā, ngā whara, ngā matenga rānei.

Ngā Rohe Mōrearea me ō rātou Pānga ki te Kōwhiringa Rama Matua

Ka whakarōpūtia e ATEX ngā wāhi morearea i roto i te maina i runga i te tūponotanga me te roa o te pahūtanga o ngā hau. Ka pā tika tēnei whakarōpūtanga ki te kōwhiringa o ngā rama matua ātete-pahūtanga. Kei te ripanga i raro nei te whakarāpopototanga o ngā rohe me ō rātou whakaritenga:

Me whiriwhiri e ngā kamupene maina ngā rama upoko e ōrite ana ki te whakarōpūtanga rohe hei whakarite i te haumaru o ngā kaimahi me te tutuki i ngā ture.

Ngā Rōpū Taputapu me ngā Kāwai Whakamārama

E rua ngā rōpū matua o ngā taputapu a ATEX.

• Rōpū Tuatahi:E kapi ana tēnei rōpū i ngā taputapu keri maina, tae atu ki ngā rama matua. E aro ana ki ngā tūponotanga mai i te mura ahi me te puehu mura. I roto i te Rōpū I, e rua ngā wāhanga:
  • M1:He taputapu i hangaia mō ngā wāhi e tūpono ana te pahūtanga o ngā hau i te wā e mahi noa ana. Me whakarato e ēnei rama matua te taumata tiaki teitei rawa atu, ā, me haere tonu te mahi haumaru ahakoa kei reira ngā hau pahūtanga, ngā puehu rānei.
  • M2:He taputapu mō ngā wāhi ka puta pea ngā hau pahū i ētahi wā. Me noho haumaru ēnei rama matua engari ka taea te whakaweto ina kitea he hau morearea.
• Rōpū II:E pā ana tēnei rōpū ki ētahi atu ahumahi he nui ngā hau pahū, ā, e whakamahi ana i ngā kāwai 1, 2, me te 3 i runga i ngā taumata mōrearea.

Ko te whakarōpūtanga rōpū me te kāwai e whakatau ana i ngā whakaritenga hangarau, te whakamātautau, me te tukanga tiwhikete mō ngā rama upoko ātete-pahū. Ko ngā rama upoko keri i roto i te Rōpū I, inā koa ko ērā i roto i te kāwai M1, me tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru tino kaha hei tiaki i ngā kaimahi i raro i te whenua.

Te Tukanga Tiwhikete ATEX mō te Keri Rama Matua Ārai-Pahūtanga

Aromatawai Tūponotanga me te Tāutu Tūponotanga

Me whai ngā kamupene keri i tētahi huarahi hanganga mō te aromatawai mōrearea me te tautuhi i ngā tūponotanga i mua i te kōwhirite keri rama matua ātete-pahūtanga. Ka tīmata te tukanga mā te tautuhi i ngā tūponotanga pahūtanga mā te tātari i ngā matū mura, ngā waikura, me ngā pūtake mura pea. Kātahi ka whakarōpūhia e ngā tīma ngā wāhi morearea ki ngā rohe, pērā i ngā Rohe 0, 1, me te 2 mō ngā hau, ngā Rohe 20, 21, me te 22 rānei mō ngā puehu, i runga i te auau o te puta mai o ngā hau pahūtanga. Kei roto i te Tuhinga Tiaki Pahūtanga (EPD) te tuhinga o tēnei aromatawai, e whakaatu ana i ngā tikanga tiaki me te take mō te whiriwhiri taputapu. Ka whiriwhiria e ngā kamupene ngā taputapu kua whakamanahia i raro i te ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU e ōrite ana ki te whakarōpūtanga rohe. Mā te tohu mārama o ngā rohe morearea ka whakamōhiotia ngā kaimahi katoa. He mea nui tonu te whakangungu kaimahi auau mō ngā tūponotanga pahūtanga me ngā tikanga mahi haumaru. Ka āwhina ngā pūnaha mahi haumaru, tae atu ki ngā whakaaetanga mahi wera me ngā mana whakahaere, ki te ārai i ngā pūtake mura.

Tohutohu:Puritia ngā tuhinga whānui, ā, whakamahia noa ngā wāhanga whakakapinga kua whaimana hei whakarite i te tutuki tonu o ngā whakaritenga me te haumaru.

Te Hoahoa Hua me ngā Āhuatanga Haumaru ā-roto

He mea hanga e ngā kaihanga ngā rama matua ātete-pahū mō te keri, me te whakaaro nui ki te haumaru ā-roto. He iti te putanga hiko me te wera o ēnei rama matua hei ārai i te mura o ngā hau, te kohu, te puehu rānei. Mā ngā whakatauranga pāmahana ka noho tonu te pāmahana o te mata i raro i ngā pūwāhi mura o ngā rauemi e karapoti ana. Ko te hanganga hiri me ngā whakatauranga tiaki urunga teitei, pērā i te IP66, IP67 rānei, ka tiaki i te puehu me te wai. Ka āwhina te ātete pānga me te matū ki te pupuri i te haumaru i roto i ngā taiao keri uaua. Ka ārai ngā wāhanga pākahiko haumaru i ngā mura, i te pānga tūpono rānei. He maha ngā tauira e whakamahi ana i ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou me ngā kawa utu haumaru. Ka taea e ngā pūnaha whakairinga whakarerekē te whakahaere kore-ringa, ā, he maha ngā momo hihi e whakarato ana i te rama maha mō ngā mahi keri rerekē.

Te Whakamātautau, te Aromatawai, me te Tiwhikete Tuatoru

Me tuku e ngā kaihanga ngā rama matua ātete-pahū ki ngā taiwhanga whai mana mō ngā whakamātautau pakari. Kei roto i te tukanga te tirotiro i te hoahoa me te hanganga o te taputapu, ā, muri iho kawhakamātautau i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi noa me ngā āhuatanga mahi rerekē. Mā te aromatawai i ngā raraunga mahi ka whakaūtia te piri ki ngā whakaritenga hangarau. Ko ngā āhuatanga matua kua whakamatautauria ko ngā whakatauranga pāmahana, te tiaki urunga, me te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi kore-hihiko, ā-pūmau. Ka āraihia e ngā mahi tiaki hiko te mura, te mura rānei. I muri i te otinga o ngā whakamātautau katoa e hiahiatia ana ka whiwhi te hua i te tiwhikete ATEX. Mā te tohu ATEX i runga i ia rama matua ka whakaūtia te piri ki ngā whakaritenga haumaru a te EU me te pai mō ngā rohe keri kino.

Ngā tuhinga hangarau, te tohu CE, me te tohu Ex

Me whakarite e ngā kaihanga he tuhinga hangarau whānui mō ia rama matua ātete-pahū e hangaia ana mō te keri maina. He tohu tēnei tuhinga e tutuki ana te hua i ngā whakaritenga katoa a te ATEX. Kei roto ko ngā tuhi hoahoa taipitopito, ngā aromatawai mōrearea, ngā pūrongo whakamātautau, me ngā tohutohu a te kaiwhakamahi. Me noho tonu te kōnae hangarau hei tirotiro mā ngā mana whakahaere mō te iti rawa tekau tau i muri i te whakatakotoranga o te waeine whakamutunga ki te mākete.

Ko te tohu CE he whakaaturanga e kitea ana e tutuki ana te rama matua i ngā ture katoa a Ūropi, tae atu ki te ATEX. I mua i te whakapiri i te tohu CE, me whakaoti e ngā kaihanga he aromatawai hanganga ture. Kei roto i tēnei tukanga:

1. Te whakahiato i ngā tuhinga hangarau.
2. Kei te whakamatautauria e te hunga tuatoru e te tinana whakamōhiotia.
3. Te tuku i tētahi Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga a te EU.

Tuhipoka:Kāore te tohu CE anake e whakamana i te ārai pahūtanga. Ko ngā hua anake me ngā tohu CE me te tohu Ex e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga tino pakari mō ngā taiao morearea.

Mā te tohu Ex ka whakaratohia he mōhiohio motuhake mō ngā āhuatanga tiaki pahū o te rama matua. Kei runga tonu i te hua me te pukapuka kaiwhakamahi. Kei roto i te waehere Ex ngā taipitopito pēnei i te rōpū taputapu, te kāwai, te tikanga tiaki, me te akomanga pāmahana. Hei tauira:

Me manatoko tonu ngā kamupene keri i ngā tohu CE me te Ex i mua i te hoko i ngā rama matua. Mā ēnei tohu ka tutuki ngā taputapu i ngā paerewa ture me te haumaru mō ngā hau pahū. Mā te tuhinga tika me te tohu e tautoko te whai i ngā ture, te tutuki i ngā ture, me te haumaru o ngā kaimahi.

Te Kōwhiri i ngā Rama Matua Ārai-Pahūtanga kua Whakamanahia e ATEX

Me pēhea te tautuhi i ngā rama matua kua whakamanahia e ATEX

He nui ngā tūponotanga e pāngia ana e ngā kamupene keri maina mai i ngā hua rama rūpahu, kāore rānei i whakamanahia. Hei whakarite i te haumaru, me manatoko e ngā tīma kei ia rama matua ngā tohu ATEX me Ex pono. Me mārama te puta o ēnei tohu ki runga i te hua me te pukapuka kaiwhakamahi. Me noho hoki te tohu CE, hei whakaū i te tutuki i ngā ture a Ūropi.
Ko ngā mōrearea rūpahu noa i roto i te mākete rama ātete-pahūtanga ko:

• Ngā hua kāore i te whai tiwhikete tika, kāore hoki i te whai tuhinga tika
• Ngā tapanga tiwhikete rūpahu, kua whakarerekētia rānei
• Ngā kaiwhakarato kore pono e tuku ana i ngā taputapu kore tiwhikete

Me tono ngā tīma hoko i ngā tiwhikete taketake, me te tirotiro i ngā tau rangatū me te kaihanga, te rōpū whakamōhio rānei. Ka whakaratohia e ngā kaiwhakarato pono he tuhinga mārama me ngā hītori hua ka taea te whai. Ko te hoko anakete keri rama matua ātete-pahūtangamai i ngā puna pono kua whakamātauhia te hītori o te whakamārama rama i ngā wāhi morearea.

Ngā Āhuatanga Matua mō te Haumaru o te Keri

Me whakarato ngā rama matua ātete-pahūtanga i hangaia mō te keri maina i ngā āhuatanga haumaru pakari. Ko ngā āhuatanga matua ko:

• Hoahoa haumaru ā-roto hei ārai i ngā mura ahi, i te wera nui rānei
• Teitei o te parenga urunga (IP66, teitei ake rānei) mō te ātete puehu me te wai
• He hanganga pakari hei ātete i ngā pānga me ngā matū kino
• Whakamaua, hiritia ngā wāhanga pākahiko kia kore ai e mura tūpono
• Ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou me ngā tikanga utu haumaru
• Ngā pūnaha whakairinga whakarerekētanga mō te whakamahi kore-ringa
• He maha ngā momo rama mō ngā mahi keri rerekē

Mā ēnei āhuatanga ka taea te whakarite i te mahi pono i roto i ngā taiao morearea, ā, ka tautoko hoki i te tutuki i ngā paerewa ATEX.

Ngā Tohutohu Whaihua mō te Whakatutukitanga me te Whakahaere Haumaru

Me whai ngā mahi keri i ngā tikanga pai hei pupuri i te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā ture. Kei te ripanga i raro nei ngā mahi matua e whakarāpopoto ana:

Tohutohu: Kaua rawa e whakarerekē, e whakararuraru rānei i ngā rama matua e ārai ana i te pahūtanga. Whakamahia tonutia ngā pākahiko me ngā rihi e taunakitia ana e te kaihanga hei pupuri i te tiwhikete me te haumaru.

Te Pupuri i te Whakatutukitanga ki ngā Kaupapa o te Keri Rama Matua Ārai-Pahū

Ngā Tikanga Pai mō te Tirotiro me te Tiaki

Ko ngā mahi keri e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā rama pono hei whakarite i te haumaru o ngā kaimahi i roto i ngā taiao morearea.te tirotiro me te tiakiHe mea nui te mahi a ngā rama matua ki te pupuri i ngā whakaritenga a te ATEX. Me whakatū e ngā kamupene he kaupapa tiaki whānui e uru ana ki ngā tirotiro kua whakaritea, ngā whakamātautau hōhonu, me te ratonga ngaio. Me kapi i ēnei tirotiro ngā wāhanga nui katoa, pērā i ngā wāhanga pākahiko, ngā hiri, ngā pana, me ngā pūtake mārama. Me whai ngā tīma i ngā taunakitanga a te kaihanga, ā, me whakarerekē i ngā wā tirotiro i runga i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere.

Mā ngā tuhinga tika ka tautoko i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Me tuhi ngā rā tirotiro, ngā kitenga, me ngā mahi whakatikatika katoa i mahia i ngā rātaka tiaki. Mā te ratonga ngaio a ngā tohunga hangarau whai tohu ka āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā raruraru pea i mua i te whakararu i te haumaru. Me whakakapi noa e ngā kamupene ngā wāhanga kua tawhito, kua pakaru rānei ki ngā wāhanga whaimana hei pupuri i te kounga o ngā taputapu.

Tohutohu:Mā te tiaki auau ka roa ake te ora o ngā rama o mua, ā, ka whakarite hoki kia tutuki tonu ngā paerewa ATEX.

Te Whakangungu me ngā Kawenga a te Kaiwhakamahi

Mā ngā kaupapa whakangungu whai hua ka whakawhiwhia ngā kaimaina ki ngā mātauranga me ngā pūkenga e hiahiatia ana heiwhakamahia ngā rama matua me te haumarui roto i ngā āhuarangi pahū. Me uru atu ki te whakangungu:

• Te mōhiotanga ki ngā tūponotanga e pā ana ki ngā taiao pahū
• He tohutohu mō te whakamahinga tika o ngā taputapu kua whakamanahia e ATEX
• Ngā tikanga haumaru mārama mō te tāutanga, te tirotiro, me te tiaki
• Te whakarite mō ngā āhuatanga ohorere, tae atu ki ngā tūranga i te wā o ngā aituā
• Ngā whakahoutanga me ngā whakangungu auau hei whakapakari i ngā mahere urupare āwhati

He kawenga motuhake tā ngā kaiwhakamahi i te wā e whiriwhiri ana, e whakahaere ana hoki i ngā rama matua. Me whiriwhiri e rātou ngā tauira haumaru e tika ana mō tā rātou taiao mahi, me te whakarite kia tutuki i ngā tiwhikete e tika ana. Mā te whiriwhiri i te kanapa tika me ngā āhuatanga whakarerekētanga e tautoko ana i ngā hiahia mahi motuhake. Me manatoko e ngā kaimahi kei te ōrite te roa o te pākahiko ki te roa o tā rātou mahi hei karo i ngā whakararuraru. Mā te whakahaere kore-ringa ka whakarei ake i te haumaru me te whai huatanga, inā koa i roto i ngā wāhi kuiti. He mea nui tonu te mōhio ki ngā āhuatanga morearea me te tūranga o ngā rama matua ki te aukati i ngā aituā.

Mā te whakangungu auau me ngā kawenga mārama a ngā kaiwhakamahi ka hanga he ahurea haumaru kaha, ā, ka āwhina ki te ārai i ngā aituā i roto i ngā mahi keri.

He mea nui ngā rama matua kua whakamanahia e ATEX mō te haumaru o te maina me te tutuki i ngā ture. Ka whakaitihia e ngā taputapu kua whakamanahia ngā mōrearea ture, ā, ka whakarite kia pono te mahi i roto i ngā taiao morearea. Me:

• Kōwhiria ngā rama matua he mārama ngā tohu ATEX me Ex.
• Whakaritea ngā tirotiro auau, ā, whakamahia noa ngā wāhanga whakakapinga kua whaimana.
• Me whakarato tonu i ngā whakangungu mō ngā kaiwhakamahi katoa.

Mā te whiriwhiri tika me te tiaki i ngā rama matua e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga, ka tiakina ngā kaimahi me ngā rawa.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te tikanga o te tiwhikete ATEX mō ngā rama matua keri?

Tiwhikete ATEXe whakaū ana kei te tutuki te rama matua i ngā paerewa haumaru tino pakari a Ūropi mō ngā hau pahū. Kei ngā hua whaimana ngā tohu CE me te Ex, e whakarite ana i te haumaru o te mahi i roto i ngā taiao maina morearea.

Me pēhea e taea ai e ngā kaimaina te whakamana i te tiwhikete ATEX a te rama o mua?

Me tirotiro e ngā kaimaina ngā tohu CE me Ex i runga i te rama matua, me te arotake anō hoki i ngā tuhinga a te kaihanga. Ka whakaratohia e ngā kaiwhakarato pono ngā tiwhikete taketake me ngā hītori hua ka taea te whai.

Tohutohu: Me tono tonu kia whiwhi koe i ngā tuhinga whakamana i mua i te hoko taputapu.

Ko ēhea ngā āhuatanga e pai ai te rama matua mō te haumaru o te maina?

Ko ngā āhuatanga matua ko te hoahoa haumaru ā-roto, te tiakitanga urunga teitei (IP66, teitei ake rānei), te hanganga pakari, ngā wāhanga pākahiko hiri, me ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou. Ka taea te whakarite i te whakairinga me ngā momo rama maha hei tautoko i ngā mahi keri.