Tiwhikete CE vs FCC: He aha ngā mea e hiahiatia ana mō te hoko rama EU/US?

Te hokongā ramai roto i te EU, i te US rānei, me tutuki ngā paerewa tiwhikete motuhake. Mā te tiwhikete CE ka tutuki ngā hua i ngā whakaritenga haumaru, hauora, me te taiao o te EU, ko te tiwhikete FCC ia e whakaū ana i te piri ki ngā paerewa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te hiko o te US. Ka puta he hua kino ki te kore e tutuki, tae atu ki ngā whiu, ngā whakahokinga hua, ngā aukati mākete rānei. Ka whakatinanahia ēnei paerewa e ngā whakahaere ture pēnei i a OSHA hei tiaki i ngā kaihoko me te pupuri i te pono o te hua. Me whakarite e ngā kaihanga te whiwhi i ngā tiwhikete rama e tika ana hei karo i ngā tūponotanga ture me te whakarite kia pai te urunga ki te mākete.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Me whiwhi tiwhikete CE hei hoko rama i roto i te EU. Mā tēnei ka tutuki ngā hua i ngā ture haumaru, hauora, me te taiao.
• E hiahiatia ana te tiwhikete FCC mō ngā rama rama i te US, inā koa ko ērā he hiko. Mā tēnei ka ārai i a rātou kei whakararuraru i ngā tohu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.
• Hei whiwhi tiwhikete CE me FCC, me whakamātautau ngā kamupene i ngā hua me te waihanga pūrongo taipitopito. Mā tēnei ka whakaatu he haumaru ngā hua, ā, e whai ana hoki i ngā ture.
• Mā te takahi i ngā ture CE, FCC rānei ka puta he raruraru nui, pērā i te whaina, te tango rānei i ngā hua mai i ngā whata. Mā te whiwhi tiwhikete ka ārai i ngā raruraru ture.
• Mā te ako mō ngā huringa ture me te mahi tahi me ngā tohunga ka māmā ake te whiwhi tohu, ā, ka āwhina hoki ki te hoko hua ki te maha atu o ngā wāhi.

Tirohanga Whānui o ngā Tiwhikete Rama

He aha te Tiwhikete CE?

He whakaritenga ā-ture te tiwhikete CE mō ngā rama e hokona ana i roto i te Rohe Ōhanga o Ūropi (EEA). He tohu tēnei e tutuki ana te hua i ngā ture a te EU e pā ana ki te haumaru, te hauora, me te tiaki taiao. Me whiwhi ngā kaihanga i tēnei tiwhikete kia uru atu ai ki te mākete o Ūropi. Mā te tohu CE i runga i te rama ka whakamanahia e ngā kaihoko kei te tutuki te hua i ngā paerewa pakari o te EU.

He maha ngā wāhanga matua o te tukanga tiwhikete:

• Aratohu EMCka whakarite i te hototahitanga hikohiko.
• Ture Whakatakoto LVDe aro ana ki te haumaru hiko.
• Te Aratohu WHEROe pā ana ki ngā taputapu reo irirangi.

Hei whiwhi i te tiwhikete CE, ka whai ngā kaihanga i tētahi tukanga hanganga:

1. Tāutuhia ngā paerewa taurite e tika ana mō te rama.
2. Whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau me ngā aromatawai, i roto i te rōpū, i roto rānei i tētahi Rōpū Whakamōhiotia.
3. Te whakahiato i ngā tuhinga hangarau hei whakaatu i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.
4. Whakaputaina he Whakapuakitanga Whakatutuki.
5. Tāpirihia te tohu CE ki te hua.

Mā te piri ki ēnei mahi, e whakaatu ana ngā kaihanga i tā rātou whakapau kaha ki te hanga rama haumaru, pono hoki mō te mākete Pākehā.

He aha te Tiwhikete FCC?

He mea nui te tiwhikete FCC mō ngā rama e hokona ana i te Hononga o Amerika, inā koa ko ērā he wāhanga hiko e tuku ana i ngā auau reo irirangi. Mā tēnei tiwhikete ka tutuki ngā ture FCC Wāhanga 15, e whakahaere ana i ngā taputapu e mahi ana i ngā auau o te 9 kHz, neke atu rānei. Ka ārai i te pokanoa ki ētahi atu taputapu hiko, ka mau tonu te pono o ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.

Me tutuki i ngā kaihanga e rapu ana i te tiwhikete FCC ngā whakaritenga motuhake:

• Te whakarite i ngā tuhinga taipitopito, tae atu ki ngā pūrongo whakamātautau me ngā whakaritenga hangarau.
• Whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau i roto i ngā taiwhanga whaimana hei manatoko i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.
• Tukuna ngā tuhinga e tika ana ki te FCC hei whakaae.

Ko ngā taputapu noa e hiahiatia ana te tiwhikete FCC ko ngā rama e whakahohea ana e te Wi-Fi, ngā tauira e rite ana ki te Nihokikorangi, me ētahi atu hua hiko matatau. Mā te whiwhi i tēnei tiwhikete, ka whakarite ngā kaihanga kia tutuki ā rātou rama i ngā paerewa ture o Amerika, kia ngāwari ai te uru atu ki te mākete.

He mea nui te mahi a ngā tiwhikete CE me te FCC i roto i ngā tiwhikete rama. Ahakoa e aro ana te CE ki te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao i Ūropi, ka whakarite te FCC i te hototahi hikohiko i te US. Mā te mahi tahi, ka whakatairangahia e rāua te hokohoko o te ao me te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaihoko.

Ngā Rerekētanga Matua i waenga i ngā Tiwhikete CE me te FCC

Te Whaihuatanga ā-Rohe

He rerekē ngā mākete e whakamahi ana i ngā tiwhikete CE me te FCC. Ka pā te tiwhikete CE ki ngā hua e hokona ana i roto i te Rohe Ōhanga o Ūropi (EEA). Ka whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture a te EU e pā ana ki te haumaru, te hauora, me te tiaki taiao. He rerekē, he mea whakahau te tiwhikete FCC mō ngā taputapu hiko e hokona ana i te United States. Ka arotahi ki te whakahaere i ngā tukunga hikohiko hei ārai i te pokanoa ki ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Me whakatau e ngā kaihanga te mākete ūnga mō ā rātoungā ramahei tautuhi i te tukanga tiwhikete e tika ana.

Ngā Paerewa me ngā Whakaritenga Whakamātautau

He rerekē rawa ngā paerewa whakamātautau mō ngā tiwhikete CE me te FCC. Ko te tiwhikete CE he aromatawai whānui i te haumaru o te hua, te hototahi hikohiko (EMC), me te ārai mate. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia mahi haumaru te rama, ā, kāore e pokanoa ki ētahi atu taputapu. Heoi, ko te tiwhikete FCC e aro ana ki te whakamātautau tukunga anake. Kāore e uru ana ki te whakamātautau ārai mate, te whakamātautau haumaru rānei. E whakaatu ana te ripanga i raro nei i ēnei rerekētanga:

Me tutuki e ngā kaihanga e rapu ana i te tiwhikete CE ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau whānui ake i te tiwhikete FCC. Mā tēnei ka tutuki i ngā rama ngā paerewa haumaru me te mahi pakari e tumanakohia ana i te mākete o te EU.

Te Tuhituhi me te Tapanga

E hiahiatia ana ngā tuhinga taipitopito me te tapanga tika mō ngā tiwhikete e rua, engari he rerekē ngā āhuatanga motuhake. Ko te tiwhikete CE e whakahau ana kia whakaritea he kōnae hangarau, kei roto ko ngā pūrongo whakamātautau, ngā aromatawai mōrearea, me te Whakapuakitanga Whakatutuki. Me whakapiri te tohu CE ki te hua, hei tohu i te tutuki i ngā paerewa o te EU. E hiahiatia ana ngā pūrongo whakamātautau, ngā whakatakotoranga hangarau, me te ID FCC mō te tiwhikete FCC. Me whakaatu te ID FCC ki te hua, hei whakarite i te whai me te tutuki i ngā ture o te US. He mea nui ngā tuhinga me te tapanga tika mō te angitu o te urunga ki te mākete me te tutuki i ngā ture.

Te Whakatinanatanga me ngā Whiu mō te Kore Whakatutuki i ngā Ture

Mā te kore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga tiwhikete CE me te FCC ka pā he pānga kino ki ngā kaihanga. Ka whakatinanahia e ngā mana whakahaere i te EU me te US he whiu tino kaha hei whakarite kia tutukihia ngā paerewa haumaru me te mahi. Mā ēnei mahi ka tiakina ngā kaihoko, ka mau tonu hoki te pono o te mākete.

I roto i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi, ki te kore e tutuki ngā paerewa tiwhikete CE, ka arahi pea ki ngā whakahokinga hua, ki ngā aukati hoko, ki ngā whiu pūtea rānei. Ka whakatakoto pea ngā mana whakahaere i ngā whiu i runga i te kaha o te takahi ture. Hei tauira, ko ngā kamupene i roto i ngā rāngai nui, pērā i te hauora, ka arohia nuitia. Ki te kore e tutuki ngā whakaritenga i roto i ēnei ahumahi, ka arahi pea ki te whakawakanga, ki te mauherehere, ki te whakakorenga rānei i ngā raihana whakahaere. Me whakatairanga ngā kaihanga i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga kia kore ai e pāngia e ēnei tūponotanga me te tiaki i tō rātou ingoa pai.

I te Hononga o Amerika, ka whakatinanahia e te Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ngā whiu mō ngā takahi i ana whakaritenga tiwhikete. Ko ngā hua kāore e tutuki i ngā paerewa FCC ka taea te whakahoki mai, te tango atu rānei i te mākete. Ka taea hoki te nui o ngā whiu pūtea. I te tau 2019, ko te toharite o ngā whiu mō te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga i eke ki te 145.33 miriona tāra US. E whakaatu ana ēnei whiu i te hiranga o te piri ki ngā ture a te FCC, inā koa mō ngā taputapu hiko e tuku ana i ngā auau reo irirangi.

Ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakaiti i ēnei mōrearea mā te whakatinana i ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga pakari. Mā te tango i ngā paerewa e mōhiotia ana i te ao, pērā i ngā tiwhikete ISO9001 me te BSCI, ka whakarite kia tutukihia tonutia ngā whakaritenga. Mā te whakamātautau auau mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu matatau, pērā i ngā mīhini whakamātautau 30 e wātea ana i ētahi whare, ka taea te whakarei ake i te pono o te hua. Mā te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tiwhikete, ka whakaatu ngā kaihanga i tā rātou whakapau kaha ki te whakaputa rama haumaru me te kounga teitei.

Ngā tiwhikete ramahe mea nui mō te urunga atu ki ngā mākete o te ao. Ehara i te mea ka whakararu noa te kore tutuki i ngā ture i te whakaurunga ki te mākete, engari ka tūpono hoki ngā kaihanga ki ngā pānga kino ki te pūtea me te ture. Mā ngā mahi matatau, tae atu ki te whakamātautau tino tika me te tuhi tuhinga tika, ka āwhina i ngā pakihi ki te karo i ēnei whiu me te pupuri i te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaihoko.

Ngā Hipanga hei Whiwhi Tiwhikete CE mō ngā Rama

Tāutuhia ngā Aratohu me ngā Paerewa e tika ana

Me tīmata ngā kaihanga i te tukanga tiwhikete CE mā te tautuhi i ngā tohutohu me ngā paerewa e pā ana ki ā rātou rama. Mā tēnei taahiraa ka whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture a te EU, ā, ka karohia hoki ngā hapa utu nui i muri mai i te tukanga.

Hei whakatau i ngā aratohu e tika ana, me mahi ngā kaihanga i ēnei e whai ake nei:

1. Tautuhia te kaiwhakamahi e tika ana mō te rama.
2. Aromatawaihia ngā āhuatanga ka whakamahia ai te rama.
3. Tauwhāitihia mēnā mō te kāinga, mō te ahumahi, mō te ahuwhenua rānei te rama.
4. Tāutuhia te mākete ūnga, ā, whakaarohia ngā whakaritenga ā-motu.

I muri i te whakamārama i ēnei āhuatanga, me manatoko e ngā kaihanga ngā whakaritenga motuhake mō te hua, me te tautuhi i ngā paerewa kua whakatauritea. Mō ngā rama, kei roto i tēnei ko te Ture Whakatakotoranga Ngaohiko Iti (LVD) me te Ture Hototahi Hikohiko (EMC). Mena e tika ana, me whakamahi rātou i tētahi rōpū whakamōhiotia ki te whakahaere i tētahi aromatawai hanganga motuhake. Mā te tautuhi tika i ēnei ture ka whakatakoto i te tūāpapa mō ngā tiwhikete rama angitu.

whanongaWhakamātautau Hua

He taahiraa nui te whakamātautau hua i roto i te tukanga tiwhikete CE. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia tutuki i te rama ngā paerewa haumaru, hauora, me te taiao e hiahiatia ana e ngā ture a te EU. Me whakahaere te whakamātautau i runga anō i ngā paerewa kua tautuhia.

Me whakamahi ngā kaihanga i ngā taiwhanga whai mana hei whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau mō te hototahi hikohiko, te haumaru hiko, me ngā pānga ki te taiao. Hei tauira, me whakamātautau pakari ngā rama rama me ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou hei whakaū i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga LVD. Ko ngā tauira kaha-teitei, pērā i ngā mea he putanga 1000-lumen, me arotake anō kia kore ai e pokanoa ki ētahi atu taputapu hiko.

Ehara i te mea ko te whakamātautau tika me te hōhonu anake te whakaatu i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te pono o te hua. Ko ngā kaihanga me ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga pakari, pērā i te tiwhikete ISO9001, ka whakangawari i tēnei taahiraa, ka whakaiti hoki i te mōrearea o te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.

Whakaritehia ngā tuhinga hangarau

Ko ngā tuhinga hangarau hei taunakitanga e tutuki ana te rama i ngā ture a te EU. Me whānui, me whakarite pai, ā, me wātea hoki hei tirotiro mā ngā mana whakahaere.

Me whakauru atu ki ngā tuhinga:

• He whakaahuatanga whānui mō te rama.
• Ngā tuhi hoahoa me te hanga, tae atu ki ngā hoahoa wāhanga me ngā hoahoa ara iahiko.
• Ngā whakamārama o ngā tuhi me ngā hoahoa.
• He rārangi o ngā paerewa kua whakatauritea, me ngā paerewa kāore i whakatauritea i whakamahia i te wā whakamātautau.
• Ngā pūrongo whakamātautau, ngā aromatawai mōrearea, me ngā tuhinga hanganga ture mō ngā wāhanga matua.
• Ngā tohutohu whakamahi me tētahi kape o te Whakapuakitanga Whakatutuki.

He hapa noa te kore oti, te kore rānei i rite pai ngā tuhinga, ā, ka roa pea te whakaroa i te tiwhikete. Me whakatairanga e ngā kaihanga te tika, me te whakauru atu ki ngā tohunga mēnā e tika ana kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga. Mā te pupuri i ngā tuhinga taipitopito, e whakaatu ana rātou i tā rātou whakapau kaha ki te whakaputa rama haumaru, kounga teitei hoki mō te mākete Pākehā.

Tāpirihia te Tohu CE

Ko te tāpiri i te tohu CE te taahiraa whakamutunga o te tukanga tiwhikete. He tohu kitea tēnei e tutuki ana te rama rama i ngā tohutohu me ngā paerewa katoa a te EU. Me whai ngā kaihanga i ngā aratohu motuhake kia tika ai te whakanoho me te whakamahinga o te tohu CE.

Hei whakapiri tika i te tohu CE, me:

1. Me manatoko kei te tutuki i te rama ngā ture katoa e pā ana ki te EU, pērā i te Low Voltage Directive (LVD) me te Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive.
2. Me whakarite kia oti, kia tika hoki ngā tuhinga hangarau me te Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga.
3. Whakapiria te tohu CE ki runga i te hua tonu, ki tōna takai, ki ngā tuhinga rānei e haere tahi ana, kia mōhiotia ai kei te kitea, kei te mārama, ā, kei te mau tonu.

Me piri te tohu CE ki ngā whakaritenga hoahoa tino tika. Me pupuri kia 5 mm te teitei, ā, me whai i ngā inenga ōrite kua whakarārangihia i roto i ngā ture a te EU. Mēnā he rerekētanga mai i ēnei whakaritenga, ka hua pea he whiu mō te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.

TohutohuKo ngā kaihanga whai pūnaha kounga kua whakamanahia e te ISO9001 me te BSCI ka whakangawari i tēnei taahiraa. E whakaatu ana ēnei tiwhikete i te whakapau kaha ki te kounga pumau me te tutuki i ngā ture.

Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa te tohu CE i te urunga atu ki te mākete engari ka hanga hoki i te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaihoko. Ka whakamanahia e ia ngā kaihoko ka tutuki i te rama ngā paerewa haumaru, hauora, me te taiao. Mō ngā kaihanga, he painga whakataetae tēnei tohu, inā koa i roto i te mākete e tino hira ana te pono me te mahi.

Mā te piri ki ēnei aratohu, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakapiri māia ki te tohu CE, me te whakarite kia tutuki ā rātou rama rama i ngā whakaritenga a te EU, ā, kia rite hoki mō te tohatoha puta noa i te Rohe Ōhanga o Ūropi.

Ngā Hipanga hei Whiwhi Tiwhikete FCC mō ngā Rama

Whakatauhia te Momo Whakamanatanga Taputapu FCC

Me tautuhi tuatahi ngā kaihanga i te momo whakamanatanga taputapu FCC e tika ana mō ā rātou rama. Mā tēnei mahi ka whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture o te US e whakahaere ana i ngā taputapu hiko e tuku ana i ngā auau reo irirangi. E rua ngā tukanga whakamanatanga matua a te FCC, e whai ake nei:

Ko ngā rama rama he āhuatanga matatau, pērā i te hononga ahokore, te rama kaha rānei, e hiahiatia ana te tukanga Tiwhikete. Me arotake marie ngā kaihanga i ngā whakatakotoranga o ā rātou hua kia tika ai te tukanga.

Whakahaerehia ngā Whakamātautau i roto i tētahi Taiwhanga Whaimana

He taahiraa nui te whakamātautau i roto i tētahi taiwhanga whaimana hei whiwhi tiwhikete FCC. Mā ngā taiwhanga whaimana ka whakarite kia tutuki ngā rama rama i ngā paerewa hangarau e hiahiatia ana mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Ko te whiriwhiri i te taiwhanga tika me whai whakaaro ki ētahi paearu matua:

I te wā whakamātautau, ka arotakehia e ngā taiwhanga ngā tukunga hikohiko o te rama kia kore ai e pokanoa ki ētahi atu taputapu. Ko ngā tauira mahi teitei, pērā i ngā mea he putanga 1000-lumen, ka aromatawaihia kia tika ai te tutuki i ngā ture FCC Wāhanga 15. Me mahi tahi ngā kaihanga me te taiwhanga ki te whakatika i ngā take e puta ake ana i te wā whakamātautau.

Tukuna ngā tuhinga ki te FCC

Kia oti te whakamātautau, me kohikohi, me tuku hoki e ngā kaihanga ngā tuhinga e hiahiatia ana ki te FCC. E whakaatu ana tēnei tuhinga i te tutuki i ngā paerewa FCC, ā, kei roto hoki ngā kōrero taipitopito mō te rama.

Ka whakarite te taiwhanga whakamātautau i tētahi pūrongo whānui, kei roto ko ngā whakaahuatanga o te rama, ngā tukanga whakamātautau, me ngā hua. Me whai tuhinga atu anō hoki, pērā i ngā pukapuka kaiwhakamahi me ngā whakaritenga hangarau. Ka tukuna ēnei rauemi ki te FCC hei arotake. Ka arotakehia e te FCC ngā raraunga hei whakatau mēnā ka tutuki i te rama ngā paerewa tutuki e tika ana.

He mea nui ngā tuhinga tika hei whiwhi tiwhikete FCC. Me whakarite e ngā kaihanga he tika, he oti hoki ngā rauemi katoa kia kore ai e whakaroa te tukanga whakaae. Mā te whai i ēnei mahi, ka taea e rātou te whakatere angitu i te tukanga tiwhikete me te uru atu ki te mākete o Amerika.

Tikina te ID FCC me te tapanga ki te hua

He taahiraa nui te whiwhi i tētahi tohu FCC i roto i te tukanga tiwhikete mō ngā rama rama me ngā wāhanga hiko. Mā tēnei tohu ahurei ka hono te hua ki ōna tuhinga tutuki i roto i te pātengi raraunga FCC, kia taea ai te whai me te piri ki ngā ture. Me whai ngā kaihanga i tētahi tukanga hanganga hei pupuri i te tohu FCC me te tapanga tika i ā rātou hua.

Hei whiwhi i te ID FCC, me tuku e ngā kaihanga ā rātou hua whakamātautau me ngā tuhinga hangarau ki tētahi Rōpū Tiwhikete Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero (TCB) kua whakamanahia e te FCC. Ka arotakehia e te TCB te tutuki o te rama ki ngā ture FCC Wāhanga 15. Kia whakaaetia, ka tohaina e te TCB te ID FCC, ka noho hei tohu tūturu mō te hua. Me whakauru tēnei ID ki roto i ngā tuhinga katoa e tika ana, ā, me whakaatu ki runga i te rama.

He mea nui anō hoki te tapanga tika mō ngā rama rama kua whakamanahia e te FCC. Mā ngā whakaritenga tapanga ka taea e ngā kaihoko me ngā mana whakahaere te tautuhi ngāwari i ngā taputapu e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga. Me piri ngā kaihanga ki ngā aratohu e whai ake nei:

• Whakaaturia te tohu, te tohu rānei o te FCC i runga i te rama, i tōna takai rānei.
• Tāpirihia he tauākī hanganga ture ki roto i te pukapuka kaiwhakamahi, ki te takai rānei, hei whakaū kei te tutuki te taputapu i ngā ture FCC Wāhanga 15.

TohutohuMe noho tonu te tapanga FCC kia kitea, kia mārama, kia mau tonu hoki i te roanga o te oranga o te hua. Mēnā kāore e tutuki ngā paerewa tapanga, ka pāngia pea koe e ngā whiu, e ngā herenga mākete rānei.

Mā te whai i ēnei mahi, ka whakaatu ngā kaihanga i tā rātou whakapau kaha ki te kounga me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Ko ngā kamupene whai tiwhikete ISO9001 me BSCI ka whakangawari i tēnei tukanga, mā te whakamahi i ā rātou pūnaha kounga pakari me ngā taputapu whakamātautau matatau. Ehara i te mea ka whakarite noa te tapanga tika i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ture engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaihoko, ka whakanoho i te rama hei hua pono me te kounga teitei i te mākete whakataetae o Amerika.

Ngā Wero me ngā Tohutohu Noa mō ngā Tiwhikete Rama

Te Whakatere i ngā Ture Uaua

He uaua te whakatere i te whenua ture mō ngā tiwhikete rama. He whakaritenga motuhake tō ia mākete, ā, me noho mōhio tonu ngā kaihanga ki ngā whakahoutanga hou. Hei tauira, ka whakatinanahia e te Kotahitanga o Ūropi ngā ture pēnei i te Low Voltage Directive (LVD) me te Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive. I te Hononga o Amerika, ka whakahaerehia e te Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ngā taputapu hiko e tuku ana i ngā auau reo irirangi. Mā te whakamaori hē i ēnei ture ka arahi pea ki te kore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ka hua ake he whiu, he whakahokinga hua rānei.

Me whai huarahi pūnaha ngā kaihanga hei whakahaere i ēnei uauatanga. Ka taea e rātou te tīmata mā te tautuhi i ngā tiwhikete motuhake e hiahiatia ana mō ā rātou mākete ūnga. Mā te kōrero tonu ki ngā rōpū whakahaere mana me ngā tuhinga ahumahi ka āwhina i a rātou ki te pupuri i ngā whakahoutanga mō ngā huringa. Mā te mahi tahi me ngā tohunga tiwhikete ka hoatu hoki he māramatanga nui ki ngā rautaki hanganga ture. Mā ēnei mahi ka noho tonu ngā kaihanga ki te aro nui me te karo i ngā hapa utu nui.

Te Whakamātautau me te Tuhituhi Tika

He mea nui te whakamātautau tika me te tuhi tuhinga hōhonu mō te angitu o ngā tiwhikete rama. Mā te whakamātautau ka whakamanahia te tutuki o te hua i ngā paerewa haumaru me te mahi, ā, mā te tuhi tuhinga ka waiho hei tohu mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Mā ngā hapa i tētahi o ngā wāhanga e rua ka whakaroa i te tiwhikete, ka arahi rānei ki te whakakorenga.

Hei whakarite i te tika, me whai ngā kaihanga i ngā tikanga pai:

• Tāutuhia ngā tiwhikete e tika ana i runga i ngā whakaritenga o te mākete.
• Wehewehea ngā paearu tiwhikete, ā, whakangungua ngā kaimahi kia rite ki tēnā.
• Mahi tahi me ngā whakahaere whakamātautau whaimana mō te whakamana motuhake.
• Whakahaerehia ngā arotakenga auau hei pupuri i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga i roto i te wā.

Me whakauru ngā tuhinga kounga teitei i ngā pūrongo whakamātautau taipitopito, ngā whakatakotoranga hangarau, me ngā pukapuka kaiwhakamahi. Ko ngā kaihanga whai pūnaha kounga kua whakamanahia e ISO9001 ka whakangawari i tēnei tukanga, ka whakamahi i ā rātou anga pakari hei whakarite i te tika. Mā te whakatairanga i te tika, ka whakarei ake i te pono o te hua, ka hanga hoki i te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaihoko.

Te Mahi tahi me ngā Tohunga Tiwhikete

He mea nui te mahi a ngā tohunga tiwhikete ki te whakahaere i te tukanga tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. He mōhiotanga hōhonu tō ēnei tohunga ki ngā paerewa ture me ngā tukanga whakamātautau. Mā rātou e ārahi ngā kaihanga i ia taahiraa, mai i te tautuhi i ngā tohutohu e tika ana ki te whakarite tuhinga hangarau.

He maha ngā painga o te whakauru atu i ngā tohunga. Ka āwhina rātou i ngā kaihanga ki te whakamārama i ngā ture uaua me te karo i ngā hapa noa. Mā ō rātou wheako ki ngā taiwhanga whakamātautau ka whakarite kia whai hua, kia tika hoki ngā aromatawai. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaratohia e ngā tohunga he tohutohu kua whakaritea, kia taea ai e ngā kaihanga te aro atu ki ngā wero ahurei. Ko ngā kamupene he nui te wheako, pērā i te hunga kua 10 tau te roa ki te kaweake me te hanga, he maha ngā wā ka mahi tahi rātou me ngā tohunga ki te whakapai ake i ā rātou tukanga tiwhikete.

Mā te mahi tahi me ngā tohunga tiwhikete, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakatere i ngā arai ture me te whai hua ake. Ehara i te mea ka whakarite noa tēnei hononga i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga engari ka tere ake hoki te urunga ki te mākete, ka hoatu he painga whakataetae ki ngā pakihi.

Kia Mōhio Tonu ki ngā Huringa Ture

Ka pā nui pea ngā panonitanga ture ki ngā tiwhikete rama, ā, he mea nui kia noho mōhio tonu ngā kaihanga. He maha ngā wā ka whakahoutia e ngā tiwhikete CE me FCC ā rātou paerewa hei aro atu ki ngā whanaketanga hangarau me ngā whakaritenga haumaru e whanake haere ana. Ko ngā kaihanga e kore e aroturuki i ēnei panonitanga ka tūpono ki te kore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ka arahi pea ki ngā whiu, ki te aukati rānei i te urunga ki te mākete.

Kia mau tonu ai te mōhiotanga, me whai ngā kaihanga i tētahi huarahi matatau. He mea nui te arotake i ngā tuhinga mana mai i ngā whakahaere ture, pērā i te Komihana Pākehā mō te tiwhikete CE me te Komihana Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero ā-Motu (FCC) mō ngā paerewa o Amerika. Mā te ohauru ki ngā pānui ahumahi me te haere ki ngā whakaaturanga hokohoko ka puta he māramatanga nui ki ngā huringa kei te heke mai. Mā te mahi tahi me ngā tohunga tiwhikete ka whiwhi ngā kaihanga i ngā tohutohu i te wā tika e hāngai ana ki ā rātou hua.

E whakaatu ana ngā whakahoutanga hou i te hiranga o te noho mōhio. Kei te ripanga i raro nei ngā tohu matua me ō rātou kaupapa matua:

Ko ngā kaihanga he pakari ā rātou pūnaha kounga, pērā i ngā tiwhikete ISO9001 me BSCI, ka whakangawari i te tutuki i ēnei paerewa e whanake haere ana. Mā ngā whare whakamātautau matatau, e 30 ngā mīhini whakamātautau, ka taea ai te aromatawai tika e hangai ana ki ngā ture hou. Ko ngā kamupene he nui te wheako ki te kaweake me te hanga, neke atu i te tekau tau te roa, ka whakamahi i ō rātou tohungatanga ki te urutau wawe ki ngā huringa.

He mea nui anō hoki te whakaritenga ritenga ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga hou. Mā te whakarite i ngā rama kia rite ki ngā tohutohu motuhake ka whakarite kia pai te tiwhikete. Hei tauira, mā te whakauru i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te parenga hikohiko, i ngā tikanga haumaru whakarei ake rānei, ka taea te aro ki ngā paerewa pakari ake. Mā te whakatairanga i te urutau me te pupuri i ngā hononga kaha me ngā tohunga ture, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakatere i ngā huringa me te pupuri i te whakataetae mākete.

TohutohuMā te whakatū i tētahi tīma tutuki ture motuhake ka āwhina i ngā kaihanga ki te whai i ngā whakahoutanga ture me te whakatinana wawe i ngā whakarerekētanga e tika ana.

Mā te noho mōhio ki ngā panonitanga ture, ehara i te mea ka whakarite i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga anake, engari ka whakakaha ake hoki i te ingoa o te kaihanga mō te pono me te kounga. Mā tēnei huarahi matatau ka hanga te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaihoko, ā, ka whakapūmau hoki i te angitu mō te wā roa i roto i ngā mākete whakataetae.

He mea nui ngā tiwhikete CE me te FCC mō te urunga atu ki ngā mākete o te EU me te US, kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa haumaru me te mahi ā-rohe. Ka whai hua ngā kaihanga mai i te hoahoa hua me te whai whakaaro ki te tiwhikete me te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau-mua hei whakahaere i te tukanga. Ka whakangāwarihia e ēnei tiwhikete te hokohoko o te ao, ka whakaitihia ngā whakaroa o ngā tikanga tuku iho, ka whakarei ake i te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaihoko. Mā te noho mōhio ki ngā whakahoutanga ture me te mahi tahi me ngā tohunga ka whakapakari ake i ngā anga hanganga ture me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea. Mā te whakatairanga i ngā tiwhikete rama, ka tiakina e ngā pakihi ā rātou mahi, ka wehewehe i a rātou anō i ngā kaiwhakataetae, ka whakawhānui ake i tō rātou whānuitanga o te ao.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te hiranga o ngā tiwhikete CE me te FCC mō ngā rama rama?

Mā ngā tiwhikete CE me te FCC ka tutuki ngā paerewa haumaru me te mahi ā-rohe. He mea whakahau te tiwhikete CE mō te mākete o te EU, engari me whai tiwhikete FCC i te US. Mā ēnei tiwhikete ka hanga te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaihoko, ka whakangawari i te hokohoko o te ao, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā whiu, ngā whakahokinga hua rānei.

Kia pēhea te roa hei whiwhi i te tiwhikete CE, FCC rānei?

Ka rerekē te wātaka i runga i te uaua o te hua me te tukanga whakamātautau. I te toharite, e 4-6 wiki te roa o te tiwhikete CE, ko te tiwhikete FCC ia e 2-4 wiki pea. Mā te mahi tahi me ngā kaihanga mohio me ngā pūnaha whai tiwhikete ISO9001 ka taea te whakahaere i te tukanga.

Ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakarite i ngā rama kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga tiwhikete?

Ae, ka taea e ngā kaihanga whai wheako nui me ngā taputapu matatau te whakarite i ngā rama kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa tiwhikete motuhake. Hei tauira, mā te whakauru i te parenga hikohiko, te whakarei ake rānei i ngā āhuatanga haumaru ka whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture CE me te FCC. Ka aro hoki te whakaritenga ki ngā hiahia ahurei o te mākete.

Ka aha mēnā ka rahua te rama i roto i ngā whakamātautau tiwhikete?

Ki te kore e pai te whakamātautau a te rama, me tautuhi, me whakatau hoki ngā kaihanga i ngā take. Tērā pea ka uru atu ki tēnei te hanga anō i ngā wāhanga, te whakapai ake rānei i te hototahi hikohiko. Mā te mahi tahi me ngā tohunga tiwhikete me te whakamahi i ngā mīhini whakamātautau matatau ka tika ai ngā aromatawai me te tere ake te whakatau.

He aha te pānga o ngā tiwhikete ki te hokohoko o tētahi rama?

Mā ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te CE me te FCC ka whakarei ake i te mana me te hokohoko o te rama. Ka whakamanahia e rātou te haumaru me te kounga o te hua ki ngā kaihoko. Hei tāpiri, he iti ake ngā whakaroa o ngā hua kua whakamanahia, ā, ka māmā ake te uru atu ki ngā mākete o te ao, ka hoatu he painga whakataetae ki ngā kaihanga.

TohutohuMā te mahi tahi me ngā kaihanga he nui ake i te 10 tau te wheako me ngā pūnaha kounga pakari ka whakarite kia pono, kia tutuki hoki ngā whakaritenga o ngā hua.