Ngā Rama Matua kua Tiwhiketetia e te CE: He Aratohu Whakatutukitanga mō ngā Kawemai (Whakahōu 2025)

Me whakarite ngā kaikawemai kia tutuki ngā rama upoko i ngā paerewa tiwhikete CE i mua i te urunga atu ki te mākete Pākehā i te tau 2025. Ko ngā mahi tonu ko te manatoko i ngā tiwhikete ōrite hua me te whakarite i ngā tuhinga kawemai tika. Ko ngā mōrearea tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ka puta pinepine mai i te korenga e tutuki i ngā ture motuhake o te whenua, te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kaiwhakarato kāore i te pono, me te korenga o te whakaaetanga tikanga tika. Ka pāngia hoki ngā kaikawemai e ngā wero pēnei i te whakaroa i ngā tuku, ngā mate pūtea, me te whakakorenga hua i ngā tikanga. Mā te aro ki te tutuki i ngā rama upoko CE ka whakaitihia te tūponotanga ki ngā herenga ture, ā, ka whakapai ake i te pai o te kiritaki.

• Ngā mōrearea matua ka pā ki ngā kaihokohoko kawemai:
  • Ngā tiwhikete whakaōrite ngaro
  • Ngā whakapuakitanga tikanga hē
  • Ngā kaiwhakarato kore pono
  • Ngā āhuatanga hua turekore
  • Ngā tikanga pūtāhui kāore i te mārama

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Me manatoko e ngā kaihoko kawemai kei te pai ngā rama o muatiwhikete CE whai maname ngā tuhinga katoa e hiahiatia ana i mua i te urunga atu ki te mākete o te EU hei karo i ngā take ture me ngā whakaroa tuku.
• Ngā mahi matua mō te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritengatae atu ki te whakaū i te whakamātautau hua, ngā kōnae hangarau, te Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga, me te tapanga CE me te tohu-E tika i runga i ngā rama o mua.
• Mā te whai i ngā aratohu a te EU pērā i te Ngāohiko Iti, te EMC, te RoHS, me ngā paerewa haumaru whakaahua-koiora ka tutuki i ngā rama upoko ngā whakaritenga haumaru, taiao, me te mahi.
• Mā te pupuri i ngā tuhinga kawemai kua whakaritea me te whakahaere i ngā tirotiro i mua i te tuku ka āwhina i te ārai i ngā raruraru tikanga me te tiaki i te ingoa pakihi.
• Mā te mahi tahi tata me ngā kaiwhakarato pono me ngā kaitirotiro tuatoru ka whakapakari ake i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ā, ka tautoko hoki i te urunga maeneene ki te mākete i te tau 2025.

Te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te rama matua CE: Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te Tiwhikete

He aha te Tiwhikete CE?

Tiwhikete CEHe whakapuakitanga tēnei e tutuki ana i tētahi hua ngā whakaritenga matua mō te haumaru, te hauora, me te taiao kua whakatakotoria e te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. Mō ngā rama matua, he maha ngā mahi nui kei roto i tēnei tukanga hei whakarite kia tutuki ngā whakaritenga.

1. Tāutuhia ngā Aratohu a te EU e tika ana, pērā i te Aratohu Ngaohiko Iti (2014/35/EU), te Aratohu Hototahi Hikohiko (2014/30/EU), me te Aratohu Whakawhāiti i ngā Matū Morearea (2011/65/EU).
2. Whakatauhia ko ēhea Ngā Paerewa Pākehā kua Whakaōritea (hEN) e pā ana ki te rama o mua.
3. Whakahaerehia he aromatawai hanganga ture, tae atu ki te whakamātautau me te manatoko i ngā hua.
4. Tuhia he kōnae hangarau me ngā tuhinga hoahoa, hangahanga, me te whakamātautau.
5. Whakauruhia he Rōpū Whakamōhiotia mēnā e hiahiatia ana e te whakarōpūtanga hua.
6. Te whakarite me te tuku i tētahi Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga a te EU.
7. Whakapirihia te tohu CE ki te rama o mua kia kitea te kitea.
   Mā ēnei mahi ka whakaūtia kua tutuki i te rama matua ngā paerewa katoa o te EU e tika ana, ā, ka taea hoki te uru ture ki te mākete o Ūropi.

He aha i hiahiatia ai te Tohu CE mō ngā Rama Matua

Kei raro i ētahi ture a te EU ngā rama upoko e hiahia ana kia tohua he tohu CE. Mā te tohu CE ka tohu ki ngā mana whakahaere me ngā kaihoko kei te tutuki te hua i ngā paerewa haumaru, hauora, me te tiaki taiao. Me whakaatu e ngā kaihanga te tutuki mā te kohikohi i ngā tuhinga hangarau me te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau e tika ana. He kawenga tā ngā kawemai me ngā kaituku ki te whakarite kia tutuki tika ngā ture o ngā rama upoko CE. Ehara i te mea he whakaritenga ture anake te tohu CE engari he tohu hoki mō te kounga me te pono o te hua.

Kia mōhio: Mō ngā rama waka, he mea whakahau anō hoki te tohu-E. E ​​whakaatu ana tēnei tohu i te tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru me te mahi motuhake o ngā waka i raro i ngā ture ECE, he mea nui mō te hoko me te whakamahi ture i runga i ngā rori o te EU.

Ngā Hua Ture o te Kore-Ture

Te kawemai i ngā rama matua me te kore he taputapu tikaTe tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō te rama matua CEka hua ake he pānga ture nui.

• Tērā pea ka aukatia e ngā mana whakahaere te hua kia kaua e uru ki te mākete o te EU.
• Ka tūpono ngā kaihoko kawemai ki ngā whaina me ngā tono whakahoki mai i ngā hua.
• Ka taea e te kore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga te whakakino i te ingoa pai o ngā kaihokohoko me ngā kaihanga.
• Tērā pea ka whakatinanahia e ngā mana whakahaere ngā whiu, ka aukati i te kawemai o ngā rama upoko kāore e tutuki ana ngā whakaritenga.
  Me whakarato ngā kaikawemai i ngā tuhinga hangarau me te Whakapuakitanga Whakatutuki. Mēnā kāore e tutuki i ēnei whakaritenga, ka arahi pea ki ngā mahi whakamana ture me ngā mōrearea pakihi nui.

Te tautuhi i ngā aratohu e tika ana mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te rama matua CE

Me tautuhi, me mārama hoki ngā kaikawemai ki ngā ture matua a te EU e pā ana ki ngā rama upoko i mua i te tukunga o ngā hua ki te mākete Pākehā. Ko ēnei ture te tūāpapa o te tutuki i ngā ture CE mō ngā rama upoko, ā, me whakarite kia tutuki i ngā hua ngā paerewa haumaru, hikohiko, me te taiao. Ko ngā ture tino tika mō ngā rama upoko ko:

• Te Ture Whakatakotoranga Ngaohiko Iti (LVD) 2014/35/EU
• Te Aratohu Hototahi Aukume Hiko (EMC) 2014/30/EU
• Te Ture Whakawhāiti i ngā Matū Morearea (RoHS) 2011/65/EU

Te Ture Whakatakotoranga Ngaohiko Iti (LVD)

Ko te Ture Whakatakotoranga Ngaohiko Iti (2014/35/EU) e pā ana ki ngā taputapu hiko e mahi ana me te ngaohiko i waenga i te 50 me te 1000 V mō te au hurihuri me waenga i te 75 me te 1500 V mō te au tika. Ko te nuinga o ngā rama matua, inā koa ko ērā e whakamahi ana i ngā pākahiko ka taea te whakahou, i ngā pūtake hiko o waho rānei, kei roto i tēnei awhe. Ka whakarite te LVD kāore ngā hua hiko e waiho hei mōrearea ki ngā kaiwhakamahi, ki ngā taonga rānei. Me hoahoa e ngā kaihanga ngā rama matua hei ārai i te ru hiko, te ahi, me ētahi atu mōrearea i te wā e whakamahia ana me te whakamahinga hē e taea te matapae. Ko te tutuki i te LVD me whai aromatawai mōrearea tino pai, te piri ki ngā paerewa kua whakatauritea, me ngā tohutohu kaiwhakamahi mārama. Me manatoko e ngā kaihoko kawemai kua whakamatautauria tika ngā rama matua katoa, ā, e whakaatu ana ngā tuhinga hangarau i te tutuki i te ture.

Hototahitanga Aukume Hiko (EMC)

Ko te Aratohu Hototahi Aukume Hiko (2014/30/EU) e whakatakoto ana i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā taputapu hiko me ngā taputapu hiko hei whakawhāiti i ngā tukunga aukume hiko me te whakarite kia ātete ki ngā raruraru o waho. Kaua ngā rama matua, inā koa ko ērā he taraiwa LED, he mana hiko rānei, e pokanoa ki ētahi atu taputapu, ā, me mahi pono i te aroaro o te haruru aukume hiko. Ko te whakamātautau EMC he wāhanga nui o te tukanga tiwhikete mō ngā hua rama motuka. E rua ngā wāhanga matua o te whakamātautau: te pokanoa aukume hiko (EMI), e ine ana i ngā tukunga, me te ngoikoretanga aukume hiko (EMS), e aromatawai ana i te ātete ki ngā raruraru pērā i te tukunga hiko me ngā ngaru hiko. Me whai ngā tinana tiwhikete, tae atu ki te Tari Tiwhikete Waka (VCA), kia paahitia ēnei whakamātautau e ngā rama matua i mua i te tuku whakaaetanga. Ko ngā hua anake e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga EMC ka taea te whakaatu i te tohu CE, ā, ka kaha te whakatinana a ngā mana tirotiro mākete i ēnei ture.

Tohutohu: Me tono ngā kaikawemai i ngā pūrongo whakamātautau EMC, me te whakarite kei roto i ngā kōnae hangarau ngā hua mō ngā whakamātautau EMI me EMS. Ka tautokohia e tēnei tuhinga tētahi tukanga pakari mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te rama matua CE, ā, ka whakaitihia te tūponotanga o ngā whakaroa o ngā tikanga tāke.

Te Whakawhāiti i ngā Matū Morearea (RoHS)

E whakawhāiti ana te RoHS Directive (2011/65/EU) i te whakamahinga o ngā matū kino motuhake i roto i ngā taputapu hiko me ngā taputapu hikohiko, tae atu ki ngā rama upoko. Ko te whāinga o te ture he tiaki i te hauora o te tangata me te taiao mā te whakawhāiti i te aroaro o ngā rauemi paitini i roto i ngā hua kaihoko. Kaua ngā rama upoko e neke ake i ngā uara kukū mōrahi e whai ake nei mā te taumaha i roto i ngā rauemi ōrite:

1. Mata (Pb): 0.1%
2. Mekuri (Hg): 0.1%
3. Kāmiuma (Cd): 0.01%
4. Chromium Hexavalent (CrVI): 0.1%
5. Ngā Biphenyls Polybrominated (PBB): 0.1%
6. Ngā Etera Diphenyl Polybrominated (PBDE): 0.1%
7. Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP): 0.1%
8. Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP): 0.1%
9. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP): 0.1%
10. Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP): 0.1%

Ka pā ēnei here ki ngā wāhanga katoa, tae atu ki ngā pūoko, ngā pana, ngā paninga whakarewa, me ngā taupoki kirihou. Me whakarato e ngā kaihanga he taunakitanga mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, i roto i ngā whakapuakitanga rauemi me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau taiwhanga. Me whakaū ngā kaihoko kawemai kua whakatinanahia e ngā kaiwhakarato ngā mana whakahaere RoHS puta noa i te mekameka tuku hei karo i te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga me ngā whakahokinga hua pea.

Kia mōhio: Ehara i te mea he herenga ture anake te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga RoHS, engari he mea nui anō hoki hei hanga whakawhirinakitanga me ngā kaihoko e aro nui ana ki te taiao.

EN 62471: Haumarutanga Whakaahua-koiora

Ko te EN 62471:2008 te paearu mō te haumaru whakaahua-koiora i roto i ngā hua rama, tae atu ki ngā rama matua. Ka aromatawaihia e tēnei paerewa Pākehā ngā mōrearea ka pā mai i ngā pūtake mārama ki ngā kanohi me te kiri o te tangata. Me aromatawai ngā kaihanga i ā rātou hua mō ngā mōrearea pea pērā i te hihi ultraviolet (UV), te mārama kikorangi, me ngā tukunga infrared. Ka pāngia pea ngā kanohi e ēnei mōrearea, ka riri te kiri, ka kino rānei mō te wā roa mēnā kāore e tika te whakahaere.

Ko te whakamātautau i raro i te EN 62471 ko te ine i te putanga hihi o te rama matua. Ka whakamahia e ngā taiwhanga ngā taputapu motuhake hei whakatau mena kei roto te hua i ngā rohe haumaru o te whakaaturanga. E wehea ana ngā mōrearea e te paerewa kia whā ngā wāhanga:

• Rōpū Whakakore: Kāore he tūponotanga whakaahua-koiora
• Rōpū Mōrearea 1: Mōrearea iti
• Rōpū Mōrearea 2: Mōrearea Waenga
• Rōpū Mōrearea 3: Mōrearea Nui

Me tuhi e ngā kaihanga te whakarōpūtanga rōpū mōrearea ki roto i te kōnae hangarau. Me tono ngā kawemai i ngā pūrongo whakamātautau e whakaū ana i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te EN 62471. E whakaatu ana ēnei pūrongo kāore te rama matua e neke ake i ngā taumata haumaru mō ngā kaiwhakamahi.

Kia mōhio: He mea nui te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te EN 62471 mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te rama matua CE. Ka tono pea ngā mana whakahaere i ngā tuhinga haumaru whakaahua-koiora i ngā wā tirotiro a te tari tāke.

Ko te rama matua e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga EN 62471 e whakaatu ana i te whakapau kaha ki te haumaru o ngā kaiwhakamahi. Ko ngā kaihoko kawemai e manatoko ana i tēnei hanganga ture ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā whakahokinga mai o ngā hua, ā, ka whakarei ake i tō rātou ingoa rongonui i te mākete.

ECE R112 me R148: Ngā Paerewa Rama Matua Ture-Rori

Nā te ECE R112 me te ECE R148 i whakatū ngā whakaritenga hangarau mō ngā rama matua ture-rori i Ūropi. Ka pā ēnei ture a te Komihana Ōhanga o te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao mō Ūropi (UNECE) ki ngā pūnaha rama motuka, tae atu ki ngā rama matua e whakamahia ana i runga i ngā waka.

E kapi ana te ECE R112 i ngā rama matua he tauira hihi kore-taurite, e kitea ana i roto i ngā rama matua iti-rama. E aro ana te ECE R148 ki ngā taputapu tohu me ngā taputapu tuku mārama, pērā i ngā rama e rere ana i te awatea me ngā rama tūnga. E rua ngā paerewa e whakarārangi ana i ngā whakaritenga mō:

• Te tohatoha me te kaha o te māramatanga
• Tauira kurupae me te tapahi
• Te pāmahana tae
• Te pakari me te ātete wiri

Me tuku e ngā kaihanga ngā rama upoko kia whakamātautauhia te momo rama ki ngā taiwhanga whai mana. Mā te tukanga whakamātautau ka manatokohia kua tutuki i te hua ngā paearu mahi me te haumaru katoa. Kia whakaaetia, ka whiwhi te rama upoko i tētahi tohu-E, me puta mai tēnei tohu ki te hua i te taha o te tohu CE.

Me whakaū ngā kaihoko kawemai kei ia rama matua e whakamahia ana mō te rori te tohu CE me te tohu-E. Mā tēnei tiwhikete takirua ka tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ture me te maeneene o te tuku i ngā taonga ki ngā tikanga tuku iho.

Tohutohu: Tirohia tonutia tetiwhikete whakaaetanga momome te nama tohu-E i mua i te kawemai i ngā rama matua mō ngā waka. E whakaatu ana ēnei tuhinga kua tutuki te hua i ngā paerewa haumaru rori o Ūropi.

Ko te hanganga ture o te ECE R112 me te R148 he wāhanga nui o te hanganga ture o ngā rama upoko CE mō ngā hua motuka. Ko ngā kaikawemai e whai ana i ēnei paerewa ka karo i ngā take ture, ā, ka oati kei te haumaru ā rātou hua mō te whakamahi i runga i ngā rori tūmatanui.

Ngā Whakaritenga Tuhinga Hangarau mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga rama matua CE

Ngā Tuhinga Matua mō te Whakatutukitanga o te Rama Matua

Me kohikohi e ngā kaikawemai he huinga katoa ongā tuhinga hangaraui mua i te whakatakotoranga o ngā rama upoko ki te mākete Pākehā. Mā ēnei tuhinga e whakaatu kei te tutuki i te hua ngā whakaritenga ture me te haumaru katoa. Ka tono pea ngā mana whakahaere i ēnei mōhiohio i te wā o ngā tirotiro tikanga, i te wā rānei e tirotirohia ana te mākete. Me whakauru ki te kōnae hangarau:

• Whakaahuatanga hua me te whakamahinga i whakaarohia
• Ngā tuhi hoahoa me te hanga
• Rārangi rauemi me ngā rārangi wāhanga
• Ngā pūrongo whakamātautau me ngā tiwhikete
• Aromatawai mōrearea me ngā raraunga haumaru
• Ngā pukapuka kaiwhakamahi me ngā tohutohu tāutanga
• Whakapuakitanga o te Whakatutukitanga

Tohutohu: Puritia ngā tuhinga katoa kia rite, kia wātea hoki mō te iti rawa 10 tau i muri i te whakatakotoranga o te hua whakamutunga ki te mākete.

Ngā Pūrongo Whakamātautau me ngā Tiwhikete (ISO 3001:2017, ANSI/PLATO FL 1-2019)

Ko ngā pūrongo whakamātautau me ngā tiwhikete te poutokomanawa o te kōnae hangarau. Ka whakamātautau ngā taiwhanga i ngā rama matua e ai ki ngā paerewa o te ao me te rohe. Ka hipokina e te ISO 3001:2017 te mahi me te haumaru mō ngā rama ringaringa, tae atu ki te kaha o te hihi me te roa o te pākahiko. Ka whakaratohia e te ANSI/PLATO FL 1-2019 ētahi atu paearu mō te kanapa, te ātete pānga, me te mahi ātete wai. E whakaatu ana ēnei pūrongo ka tutuki i te rama matua ngā tumanakohanga o te ao me te Pākehā. Me tono ngā kaihoko kawemai i ngā tiwhikete whakamātautau taketake mai i ngā kaiwhakarato me te manatoko i tōna pono.

Aromatawai Mōrearea me ngā Raraunga Haumaru

Mā te aromatawai mōrearea hōhonu ka tautuhia ngā tūponotanga kino e pā ana ki te whakamahinga o te rama upoko. Ka tātarihia e ngā kaihanga ngā tūponotanga pēnei i te ru hiko, te wera nui, me ngā pānga whakaahua-koiora. Ka tuhia e rātou ngā mahi ārai me ngā āhuatanga haumaru ki roto i te kōnae hangarau. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he pepa raraunga haumaru mō ngā pākahiko, ngā wāhanga hiko rānei. Me arotake e ngā kaihoko kawemai ēnei tuhinga hei whakaū kua arohia ngā tūponotanga katoa. Ka tautokohia e tēnei taahiraa te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te rama upoko CE, ā, e whakaatu ana i te whakapau kaha ki te haumaru o te kaiwhakamahi.

Ka tono pea ngā mana whakahaere kia aromatawaihia ngā mōrearea i ngā wā arotake, tirotiro rānei. Me pupuri tonu ēnei tuhinga kia hou tonu.

Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga rama matua CE

Me pēhea te whakarite i te Whakapuakitanga

Me whakarite e ngā kaihanga, e ā rātou māngai whai mana rānei te Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga (DoC) i mua i te whakatakotoranga o ngā rama upoko ki te mākete Pākehā. E whakaū ana tēnei tuhinga kua tutuki i te hua ngā tohutohu katoa a te EU me ngā paerewa kua whakatauritea. Ka tīmata te whakarite mā te arotake hohonu i ngā tuhinga hangarau. Me whakarite e te rōpū kawenga kia oti, kia tika hoki ngā pūrongo whakamātautau katoa, ngā aromatawai mōrearea, me ngā tiwhikete. Me tohutoro rātou ki ngā tohutohu me ngā paerewa motuhake i whakamahia i te wā o te aromatawai whakatutukitanga. Me mārama, kia poto, kia tuhia hoki te DoC ki te reo whaimana o te EU. Me tono ngā kaihoko kawemai i tētahi kape o te DoC mai i ā rātou kaiwhakarato, ā, me manatoko i ngā ihirangi i mua i te haere tonu me te whakawātea tikanga.

Tohutohu: Kia ngāwari te uru atu ki te DoC. Tērā pea ka tonoa e ngā mana whakahaere i ngā wā tirotiro, arotake rānei.

Ngā Mōhiohio me te Hōputu e Hiahiatia ana

Me whakauru he maha ngā āhuatanga matua ki roto i tētahi Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga. Kei te ripanga e whai ake nei ngā mōhiohio e hiahiatia ana:

Me whai te whakatakotoranga i tētahi raupapa arorau, ā, me noho ngāwari ki te pānui. Me hainatia te DoC me te tāpiri i te rā ki reira. E whakaaetia ana ngā waitohu mamati mēnā e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga a te EU.

Ko wai me haina te Whakapuakitanga

Ko te kawenga mō te hainatanga i te Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga kei te kaihanga, kei tōna māngai whai mana rānei. Mā te hainatanga, e whakaae ana tēnei rōpū ki te kawenga ture katoa mō te tutuki o te hua ki te ture o te EU. Me whakarite e ngā kawemai kei roto i ia utaina o ngā rama upoko he DoC whai mana, ā, me pupuri he kape mō te iti rawa 10 tau. Heoi, kāore te kawemai e haina i te DoC. E pā ana tēnei ture ki ngā kawemai rama upoko katoa, kāore he okotahi. Mā te piri tika ki tēnei tukanga ka tautokoTe tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō te rama matua CEā, ka tiaki i ngā rōpū katoa mai i ngā mōrearea ture.

• Ka hainatia te DoC e te kaihanga, e te māngai whai mana rānei.
• Ka whakarite te kaihoko kawemai kei te haere tahi mai te DoC me te hua, ā, ka puritia hoki e ia tētahi tārua.
• Kāore te kaihoko kawemai e haina i te DoC.

Kia mōhio: Ki te kore e whai i ēnei whakaritenga, ka roa pea ngā mahi a te tari tāke, ka whai take rānei ngā mahi whakamana ture.

Te tāpiri i te Tohu CE mō ngā Rama Matua

Ngā Whakaritenga Whakanoho me te Rahi

Me whakatakoto e ngā kaihanga teTohu CEKia kitea, kia mārama, kia kore e mukua i runga i te rama matua, i tōna pereti raraunga rānei. Me puta te tohu ki runga i te hua tonu i ngā wā katoa e taea ai. Mena ka āraia tēnei e te hoahoa, e te rahi rānei o te rama matua, ka taea te tāpiri i te tohu CE ki runga i te takai, ki ngā tuhinga rānei e haere tahi ana. Ko te teitei iti rawa mō te tohu CE he 5 mm. Mā tēnei rahi ka taea e ngā āpiha tikanga me ngā mana tirotiro mākete te tautuhi ngāwari i ngā hua e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga.

Kaua te tohu CE e whakarerekētia, e whakapōturitia rānei. Me ōrite ngā ōwehenga me te mokowā ki te hoahoa mana. Ka taea e ngā kaihanga te tango i te mahi toi tohu CE tika mai i te paetukutuku a te Komihana o Ūropi. Me rerekē te tohu ki te papamuri kia kitea nuitia ai. Ka whakamahia e ētahi kamupene te whakairo laser, te tānga pakari rānei kia mau tonu ai te pānui o te tohu puta noa i te oranga o te hua.

Tohutohu: Me tirotiro tonu te hua whakamutunga kia mōhio ai kei te wātea te tohu CE, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga katoa i mua i te tuku.

Ngā Hapa Noa hei Ārai

He maha ngā kaikawemai me ngā kaihanga e hē ana i te whakapiri i te tohu CE. Ka taea e ēnei hapa te whakaroa i ngā tuku, te whakaoho rānei i ngā mahi whakamana ture. Ko ngā take tino noa ko:

• Te whakamahi i te rahi, te momotuhi rānei kāore i te tika mō te tohu CE
• Te whakatakoto i te tohu ki runga i te takai anake ina he wāhi kei runga i te hua
• Te tāpiri i te tohu i mua i te whakaoti i ngā mahi katoa o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga rama matua CE
• Te tango katoa i te tohu, te whakamahi rānei i tētahi putanga kāore e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga
• Te whakakotahi i te tohu CE me ētahi atu tohu i roto i te huarahi e whakapoauau ai

Ka taea e ngā mana whakahaere te hopu i ngā hua, te tuku whiu rānei mēnā ka kitea ēnei hapa. Me arotake e ngā kaikawemai ngā tauira me te tono whakaahua mai i ngā kaiwhakarato i mua i te tuku. Me pupuri hoki e rātou ngā rēkoata o ngā arowhai hanganga ture hei wāhanga o tā rātou tukanga whakahaere kounga.

Kia mōhio: Mā te tohu CE tika e whakaatu te whakapau kaha ki te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā ture. Ka āwhina hoki ki te karo i ngā whakaroa utu nui i ngā tari taake.

Ngā Tapanga e Pā Ana me ngā Herenga Taiao

Ngā Whakaritenga Tapanga WEEE

Ngā hua rama matuaMe tutuki ngā mea e hokona ana i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi i te Ture Whakatakotoranga Taputapu Hiko me te Hikohiko Para (WEEE). E whakarōpūtia ana ngā rama upoko hei taputapu rama, ko te tikanga me whai tapanga me te whakahaere motuhake. Me puta tika te tohu ipu wira kua whitia ki runga i te hua. Mēnā kāore e whakaaetia tēnei e te hoahoa hua, ka taea te whakanoho i te tohu ki runga i te takai. Mō ngā rama upoko i hokohokohia i muri i te tau 2005, me whakauru he rārangi pango kotahi ki raro i te tohu, me whakaatu rānei i te rā i whakatakotoranga ai ki te mākete. Me whakaatu hoki te tohu tautuhi a te kaihanga, pērā i te waitohu, i te tohu hokohoko rānei. E whakamārama ana te EN 50419 i ēnei whakaritenga tohu, ko te EN 50625-2-1 ia e aro ana ki te maimoatanga tika me te hangarua. Me rēhita ngā kaihanga ki te EU me te whakatū pūnaha mō te kohikohi me te hangarua kia tino tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga.

Kia mōhio: Mā te tapanga me te rēhitatanga WEEE tika ka āwhina i te aukati i ngā kino ki te taiao, ā, ka tautoko hoki i te hangarua tika.

Ngā Herenga Ture ErP

Me tutuki i ngā kaihanga me ngā kaikawe mai o ngā rama upoko ngā whakaritenga o te Energy-related Products (ERP) Directive (EU) 2019/2020. Ka whakatakotohia e tēnei aratohu ngā paerewa hoahoa taiao mō ngā hua rama, tae atu ki ngā rama upoko. Ko ngā herenga matua ko:

1. Te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa taiao hou e whakapai ake ana i te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao.
2. Te whai i ngā tikanga whakamātautau hou, pērā i ngā whakamātautau pānga stroboscopic me ngā arowhai whai huatanga o te hurihanga pūngao taraiwa.
3. Tae atu ki te tapanga i runga i te hua, i te takai rānei e whakaatu ana i te rerenga kanapa, te pāmahana tae, me te koki hihi.
4. Te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio taipitopito mō te takai, pērā i ngā tawhā hiko, te roanga o te ora kua whakatauria, te whakapaunga hiko, me te mana tūtatari.
5. Te whakaoti i te tukanga tiwhikete ErP i mua i te whakatakotoranga o ngā hua ki te mākete o te EU, e uru ana ki te tono, ngā mōhiohio hua, te whakamātautau tauira, me te rēhitatanga.
6. Me whakarite kia whiwhi tiwhikete i mua i te rā whakamana hei karo i ngā raruraru tikanga tāke.

Me whakarite ngā kaihanga kia tika, kia hou hoki ngā mōhiohio katoa kia mau tonu ai te urunga atu ki te mākete.

Ngā Tapanga Taiao me ērā atu Tapanga Whakatutukitanga REACH

Me whai whakaaro anō hoki ngā kaihoko mai i ngā rama matua ki te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga REACH (Rēhitatanga, Aromatawai, Whakamanatanga, me te Whakawhāititanga o ngā Matū). Ka herea e tēnei ture te whakamahinga o ētahi matū kino i roto i ngā hua e hokona ana i te EU. Me whakarite ngā kaihanga kia kaua ngā matū kua herea i roto i ngā rama matua e neke atu i ngā rohe kua whakaaetia. Me whakarato e rātou he tuhinga e whakaatu ana i te tutuki me te whakahou i ngā ture ina huri ngā ture. Tērā pea ka pāngia ētahi atu tapanga taiao, pērā i ngā whakatauranga whai huatanga pūngao, ngā tapanga taiao rānei, i runga i te momo hua me te mākete. Ka āwhina ēnei tapanga i ngā kaihoko ki te whakatau whai whakaaro me te whakaatu i te whakapau kaha ki te oranga tonutanga.

Tohutohu: Kia mau tonu ki ngā mea houngā ture taiaome ngā whakaritenga tapanga e tautoko ana i ngā mahi pakihi haepapa me te maeneene o te whakawātea tikanga.

Ngā Whakaritenga Kawemai me ngā Tikanga Motuhake mō te Whakatutukitanga o te rama matua CE

Ngā Tuhinga Kawemai o te EU

Me whakarite e ngā kaikawemai ētahi tuhinga kia pai ai te urunga o ngā rama matua kua whai tiwhikete CE ki te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. Me whai Whakapuakitanga Whakarāpopototanga ngā mana whakahaere tikanga i te rā kawemai, e whakamārama ana i ngā taipitopito o te tuku me te hua. Ko te Tuhinga Whakahaere Kotahi (SAD) te puka tikanga matua, e kapi ana i ngā takoha me te VAT mō ngā whenua mema katoa o te EU. Me pupuri e ia kaikawemai he nama EORI tika hei tuku i ngā whakapuakitanga tikanga me te whakahaere i ngā tukanga whakawātea.

Me haere tahi mai tētahi kōnae hangarau katoa me ia tuku. Me whakauru atu ki tēnei kōnae ngā whakaahuatanga hua, ngā hoahoa ara iahiko, ngā rārangi wāhanga, ngā pūrongo whakamātautau, me ngā tohutohu a te kaiwhakamahi. Ko teWhakapuakitanga o te Whakatutukitanga(DoC) me tirotiro i ngā tohutohu katoa e pā ana ki te EU, pērā i te Low Voltage Directive, te EMC Directive, te Eco-design Directive, me te RoHS Directive. Me whakarārangi te DoC i ngā taipitopito o te kaihanga, te tautuhi hua, me te waitohu a te tangata whai kawenga. Me puta te tohu CE ki runga i te hua, kia kitea, kia 5 mm te teitei. Me manatoko hoki ngā kawemai kua tutukihia ngā whakaritenga tapanga katoa, tae atu ki te WEEE me ngā tapanga hua e pā ana ki te pūngao. Ka taea e ngā āpiha tikanga te tono i ēnei tuhinga i ngā wā katoa, nō reira me pupuri e ngā kawemai kia taea te uru atu.

Ko ngā kaikawemai te kawenga katoa mō te tutuki i ngā hua me te whakawātea i ngā tikanga tuku iho i raro i ngā ture a te EU. Mā te manatoko tuatoru ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea tutuki i ngā ture.

Te Whakatutukitanga me ngā Tikanga o te UK

Ka whakatinanahia e te United Kingdom āna ake ture whakatutuki hua i muri i te Brexit. Me whakarite e ngā kaihoko kawemai kia tutuki ngā rama o mua i ngā whakaritenga tohu UKCA (UK Conformity Assessed) mō ngā hua e tukuna ana ki te mākete o Peretānia Nui. Ka whakakapia te tohu UKCA e te tohu CE mō te nuinga o ngā taonga, engari ka whakaaetia tonutia e Te Tai Tokerau o Airana te tohu CE i raro i te Kawa o Te Tai Tokerau o Airana.

Me whakarato ngā kaikawemai i tētahi Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga o te UK, e rite ana ki te EU DoC engari e pā ana ki ngā ture o te UK. Me whai nama EORI i tukuna e ngā mana whakahaere o te UK mō te whakawātea tikanga. Me tuku e ngā kaikawemai ngā whakapuakitanga kawemai me te utu i ngā takoha me te VAT e tika ana. Me wātea ngā tuhinga hangarau, tae atu ki ngā pūrongo whakamātautau me ngā aromatawai mōrearea, hei tirotiro. Ka taea e te kāwanatanga o te UK te tono taunakitanga mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga i tētahi wā, nō reira me pupuri e ngā kaikawemai ngā tuhinga kua whakaritea.

Huiterangi, Nōwei, me Ētahi Atu Mākete EEA

Hei mema o te Rohe Ōhanga o Ūropi (EEA), e whai ana a Huiterangi me Nōwei i ngā ture rite ki te EU mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga rama upoko CE. Me whakarite e ngā kaihoko kawemai kei roto i ngā hua te tohu CE me te tutuki i ngā tohutohu katoa a te EU. E hiahiatia ana e ngā mana whakahaere tikanga i ēnei whenua ngā tuhinga hangarau ōrite, tae atu ki te Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau tautoko.

E whakarāpopoto ana tētahi ripanga i ngā whakaritenga matua mō ēnei mākete:

Me whakaū ngā kaikawemai i ngā whakaritenga ā-motu tāpiri i mua i te tuku. Mā te pupuri i ngā tuhinga kia hou tonu ka māmā ake te whakawātea i ngā tikanga tuku me te urunga ki te mākete.

Tirotiro me te Manatoko i mua i te Tukunga mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te rama matua CE

Rārangi Arowhai mō te Manatoko Whakatutukitanga

Mā te rārangi arowhai matawhānui i mua i te tukunga ka āwhina i ngā kaikawemai ki te karo i ngā whakaroa utu nui me ngā raruraru tutuki ture. Me arotake taipitopito ia tukunga rama matua i mua i te wehenga atu i te wheketere. Ko ngā mahi e whai ake nei ka hanga he rārangi arowhai pono:

1. Whakaritehia ngā pepa katoa, tae atu ki te nama arumoni, te rārangi tākai, te pire utanga, me te tiwhikete takenga mai.
2. Whakamahia te Waehere HS tika mō te whakarōpūtanga hua.
3. Whakapuakihia te uara tuturu o ngā taonga mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga aromatawai kua whakaaetia.
4. Utua ngā takoha, ngā taake me ngā utu katoa e tika ana.
5. Puritia ngā tuhinga taipitopito o ia whakawhitiwhitinga me ia tuhinga.
6. Kia mārama, kia ū hoki ki ngā ture kawemai me ngā ture tikanga o te whenua e haere atu ana.
7. Whakaarohia te utu i ngā tohunga tikanga, i ngā kaihokohoko rānei kia maeneene ai te tuku.
8. Manatokohia te tutuki o te tohu CE, me te whakarite kia kitea, kia mārama, kia pumau, kia 5 mm te teitei.
9. Me whakarite kia whakarārangihia ngā aratohu katoa e tika ana mō te EU i roto i te Whakapuakitanga Whakatutukitanga.
10. Whakaū kei roto i te kōnae hangarau ngā tuhinga katoa e hiahiatia ana me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau.
11. Tirohia mēnā e tutuki ana ngā paerewa o te EU i ngā tapanga rama me ngā takai.
12. Whakahaerehia ngā tirotiro ā-kanohi me ngā whakamātautau i te papaanga mō te mahi me te haumaru o te hua.
13. Tikina he pūrongo tirotiro taipitopito me ngā taunakitanga whakaahua.

Tohutohu: Mā te rārangi arowhai whānui ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te kore tutuki i ngā whakaritenga me te whakakorenga o ngā tuku.

Te Mahi tahi me ngā Kaitirotiro Tuatoru

He mahi nui tā ngā kaitirotiro tuatoru ki te manatoko i te tutuki o ngā hua. Ka tauirahia, ka whakamātautauhia hoki e ēnei tohunga motuhake ngā rama matua hei whakaū kei te tutuki i a rātou ngā whakaritenga kirimana me ngā whakaritenga ture. Ka whakahaerehia hoki e rātou ngā arotake wheketere, te aromatawai i ngā mahi hanga me ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga. Mā te whakamahi i ngā ratonga tirotiro tuatoru whai mana, ka taea e ngā kawemai te manatoko i te mana whakahaere kounga a te kaiwhakarato, te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea mekameka tuku, me te whakarite kia piri ki ngā paerewa o te ao me te rohe. Ka tautokohia e tēnei huarahi te māramatanga, ā, ka hangaia he whakawhirinakitanga ki ngā mana whakahaere me ngā kiritaki.

Ngā Hipanga Whakamutunga i mua i te Tukunga

I mua i te tukuNgā rama matua kua whakamanahia e te CE, me whakaoti e ngā kaikawemai ētahi mahi manatoko whakamutunga:

1. Whakahaerehia he tirotiro whānui o te tuku tuatahi hei whakarite i te kounga o te hua.
2. Whakahaerehia ngā tirotiro tauira mō ngā tuku e whai ake nei.
3. Whakaūtia ngā taipitopito o te takai, tae atu ki ngā rahi, ngā rauemi, me te tānga.
4. Me whiwhi whakaaetanga mō te hoahoa waitohu i mua i te tono.
5. Manatokohia ngā tawhā whakaputa pēnei i te rahinga me ngā rauemi.
6. Whakaritea ngā tuhinga tuku katoa e tika ana.
7. Whakaūtia ngā taipitopito tukunga mā te tuhituhi, tae atu ki te rā me te momo kawe.
8. Tikina he kape o ngā tuhinga tuku mō te aroturuki me ngā kereme.
9. Whakaotia te whakaaetanga a te tari tāke me te tirotiro i te tauranga ūnga.

Mā ēnei mahi ka whakarite kia tutuki ngā whakaritenga o te rama upoko CE, kia maeneene hoki te urunga atu ki te mākete.

Ka taea e ngā kaikawemai te whakarite kia maeneene te urunga ki te mākete mā te whai i ēnei mahi nui:

1. Puritia ngā tuhinga tiwhikete tika, tae atu ki ngā tiwhikete ECE R149 me ngā tapanga E-Mark.
2. Whakaūtia ngā tohu a te kaiwhakarato me te tono tiwhikete hanganga ture.
3. Puritia kia rite ngā tuhinga kawemai katoa mō te whakawātea i te taake.
4. whanongangā tirotiro i mua i te tukungame te whakamātautau hua.
5. Whakauruhia te hanganga ture i te tīmatanga o te hoahoa hua, me te hanga tīma mahi-maha.
6. Whakamātautauhia kia tino mārama, kia mōhio tonu hoki ki ngā ture e whanake haere ana.

Ko te tuhi tuhinga hōhonu me te manatoko matatau te tūāpapa mō te angitu o te hanganga ture ki ngā whakaritenga o ngā rama upoko CE i te tau 2025.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha ngā tuhinga me pupuri e ngā kaihokohoko kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga mō ngā rama upoko CE?

Me pupuri tonu e ngā kaihoko kawemai teWhakapuakitanga o te Whakatutukitanga, kōnae hangarau, pūrongo whakamātautau, me ngā pukapuka ā-kaiwhakamahi. Ka taea e ngā mana whakahaere te tono i ēnei tuhinga i ngā wā katoa. Puritia ngā tuhinga katoa mō te iti rawa 10 tau i muri i te putanga mai o te hua whakamutunga ki te mākete.

Ka taea te hoko i te rama matua i roto i te EU me te kore he tohu CE?

Kāore. TeTohu CEhe mea ā-ture mō te hoko ture i roto i te EU. Tērā pea ka whakakahoretia ngā hua kāore he tohu CE e te tari tāke, ka whiua he utu, ka whakahokia mai rānei. Me manatoko tonu te tohu i mua i te tuku.

Ko wai te kawenga mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga CE: te kaihanga, te kawemai rānei?

E whai kawenga ana ngā taha e rua. Mā te kaihanga e whakarite kia tutuki i te hua ngā whakaritenga katoa, ā, ka whakaratohia hoki ngā tuhinga. Mā te kawemai e manatoko te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, e pupuri ngā tuhinga, ā, e whakarite kia tika te tohu CE me ngā tapanga.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te tohu CE me te tohu E mō ngā rama matua?

Kia mōhio: Me whai tohu e rua ngā rama upoko ture-rori kia uru atu ai ki te mākete o te EU.